Three-dimensional 3D-bioprinting: the basis of technology and its application in the interests of biology and medicine

This review is devoted to one of the actual problem of modern biology and medicine, we are witnessing. The text provides information on 3D printing method, equipment that is used to manufacture of three-dimensional bioproducts and the nature of the consumable materials - bioinks, fillers and cells which during printing transform into three-dimensional bioproduct characterized by vitality and expression of specific marker factors of corresponding tissues and organs. Special emphasis in this review is made on prospects of use of stem cells which are along with a variety of cells of tissues and organs have found application in bioprinting. Three methods of bioprinting: inkjet, extrusion and laser are described. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. Bioinks, their properties applicability to various printing technologies and strategy selection of bioink and cell composition defining viability of three-dimensional structures and possibility of their application in clinical praxis are detailly described. Short list of achievements in the field of bioprinting of various organism tissues and the characteristics of the bioproducts obtained are given. Significant progress and promising research in the field of 3D bioprinting are marked.