以社区为基础的稻米可持续生产推广方法

R. Padaria, RR Burman, Priti Priyadarshni, L. Muralikrishnan, Misha Madavan, Subhashree Sahu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大米在发展中国家的粮食和营养安全中发挥着非常重要的作用。虽然印度是仅次于中国的第二大生产国(113吨),水稻种植面积为4400万公顷,但其平均产量(约2.6吨/公顷)远低于中国(60吨/公顷)和全球平均产量(约4吨/公顷)。因此,除了基因改良和先进的作物保护措施外,具有农业生态重要性、地缘政治和社会经济意义的创新推广方法可以通过气候适应能力和有效的自然资源管理来支持提高水稻生产力水平。此外,从20世纪60年代的国家示范到20世纪70年代的培训和参观制度,再到20世纪90年代的多元化推广方式,农业推广范式的转变使水稻产量从1960-1961年的3450万吨提高到2020-2021年的1.175亿吨。通过采用具有信息和通信连接的自下而上的创新推广方法,改造该国的水稻生产系统仍有巨大潜力。事实证明,社会学习、社区参与和信息通信技术支持等方法在推广和采用改良水稻品种和做法方面是有效的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Community based extension approaches for sustainable production of rice
Rice plays very important role in food and nutritional security in the developing world. Although India is the second largest producer (113 mt) next to China with 44 mha area under rice, its average yield (~2.6 t/ha) is far below both that of China (>6 t/ha) and the global average of ~4 t/ha. Hence, along with genetic enhancement and advance crop protective measures, innovative extension approaches with agro-ecological importance, geo-political, socio-economic can support to improve the rice productivity levels with climate resilience and effective natural resources management perspectives. Moreover, the agricultural extension paradigm shift from National demonstration in 1960's to Training and visit system in 1970's to pluralistic extension approaches in 1990's has enhanced the rice production from 34.5 million tonnes in 1960-1961 to 117.5 million tonnes in 2020-2021. Still there is a huge potential to transform the rice production systems of the country through adoption of bottom-up innovative extension approaches with information and communication connectivity. Approaches like social learning, community engagement and ICT support have proven effective in dissemination and adoption of improved varieties and practices of paddy cultivation.
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