{"title":"论强证明复杂性生成器的存在性","authors":"J. Krajícek","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2208.11642","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Cook and Reckhow 1979 pointed out that NP is not closed under complementation iff there is no propositional proof system that admits polynomial size proofs of all tautologies. Theory of proof complexity generators aims at constructing sets of tautologies hard for strong and possibly for all proof systems. We focus at a conjecture from K.2004 in foundations of the theory that there is a proof complexity generator hard for all proof systems. This can be equivalently formulated (for p-time generators) without a reference to proof complexity notions as follows: * There exist a p-time function $g$ stretching each input by one bit such that its range intersects all infinite NP sets. We consider several facets of this conjecture, including its links to bounded arithmetic (witnessing and independence results), to time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity, to feasible disjunction property of propositional proof systems and to complexity of proof search. We argue that a specific gadget generator from K.2009 is a good candidate for $g$. We define a new hardness property of generators, the $\\bigvee$-hardness, and shows that one specific gadget generator is the $\\bigvee$-hardest (w.r.t. any sufficiently strong proof system). We define the class of feasibly infinite NP sets and show, assuming a hypothesis from circuit complexity, that the conjecture holds for all feasibly infinite NP sets.","PeriodicalId":11639,"journal":{"name":"Electron. Colloquium Comput. Complex.","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"On the existence of strong proof complexity generators\",\"authors\":\"J. Krajícek\",\"doi\":\"10.48550/arXiv.2208.11642\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Cook and Reckhow 1979 pointed out that NP is not closed under complementation iff there is no propositional proof system that admits polynomial size proofs of all tautologies. Theory of proof complexity generators aims at constructing sets of tautologies hard for strong and possibly for all proof systems. We focus at a conjecture from K.2004 in foundations of the theory that there is a proof complexity generator hard for all proof systems. This can be equivalently formulated (for p-time generators) without a reference to proof complexity notions as follows: * There exist a p-time function $g$ stretching each input by one bit such that its range intersects all infinite NP sets. We consider several facets of this conjecture, including its links to bounded arithmetic (witnessing and independence results), to time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity, to feasible disjunction property of propositional proof systems and to complexity of proof search. We argue that a specific gadget generator from K.2009 is a good candidate for $g$. We define a new hardness property of generators, the $\\\\bigvee$-hardness, and shows that one specific gadget generator is the $\\\\bigvee$-hardest (w.r.t. any sufficiently strong proof system). We define the class of feasibly infinite NP sets and show, assuming a hypothesis from circuit complexity, that the conjecture holds for all feasibly infinite NP sets.\",\"PeriodicalId\":11639,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Electron. Colloquium Comput. Complex.\",\"volume\":\"18 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-08-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"3\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Electron. Colloquium Comput. Complex.\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2208.11642\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Electron. Colloquium Comput. Complex.","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2208.11642","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
摘要
Cook and Reckhow 1979指出,如果没有命题证明系统允许所有重言式的多项式大小证明,那么NP在互补下是不封闭的。证明复杂性生成理论旨在构造难以实现强证明的重言式集,并可能实现所有证明系统的重言式集。我们关注K.2004在理论基础中的一个猜想,即所有证明系统都存在一个证明复杂性生成器。这可以等价地表述(对于p-时间生成器),而不涉及证明复杂性概念如下:*存在一个p-时间函数$g$将每个输入延伸1位,使得其值域与所有无限NP集相交。我们考虑了这个猜想的几个方面,包括它与有界算术(见证和独立结果)的联系,与有界Kolmogorov复杂度的联系,与命题证明系统的可行分离性的联系以及与证明搜索的复杂性的联系。我们认为来自K.2009的一个特定的小工具生成器是$g$的一个很好的候选者。我们定义了一个新的生成器的硬度属性,$\bigvee$-硬度,并证明了一个特定的小部件生成器是$\bigvee$-最难的(任何足够强的证明系统都是如此)。我们定义了可行无限NP集的类别,并给出了一个从电路复杂度出发的假设,证明了该猜想对所有可行无限NP集都成立。
On the existence of strong proof complexity generators
Cook and Reckhow 1979 pointed out that NP is not closed under complementation iff there is no propositional proof system that admits polynomial size proofs of all tautologies. Theory of proof complexity generators aims at constructing sets of tautologies hard for strong and possibly for all proof systems. We focus at a conjecture from K.2004 in foundations of the theory that there is a proof complexity generator hard for all proof systems. This can be equivalently formulated (for p-time generators) without a reference to proof complexity notions as follows: * There exist a p-time function $g$ stretching each input by one bit such that its range intersects all infinite NP sets. We consider several facets of this conjecture, including its links to bounded arithmetic (witnessing and independence results), to time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity, to feasible disjunction property of propositional proof systems and to complexity of proof search. We argue that a specific gadget generator from K.2009 is a good candidate for $g$. We define a new hardness property of generators, the $\bigvee$-hardness, and shows that one specific gadget generator is the $\bigvee$-hardest (w.r.t. any sufficiently strong proof system). We define the class of feasibly infinite NP sets and show, assuming a hypothesis from circuit complexity, that the conjecture holds for all feasibly infinite NP sets.