{"title":"硅同位素地球化学","authors":"F. Poitrasson","doi":"10.2138/RMG.2017.82.8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to many other stable isotopes of the elements discussed in this book, those of silicon are not strictly speaking “Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes” because they have been studied for more than 60 years. After the pioneering works of Reynolds and Verhoogen (1953) and Allenby (1954), a steady increase in silicon isotope studies of geological materials has led to a substantial corpus of data. These data were compiled by Ding et al. (1996) alongside new measurements that, collectively, included over a thousand samples of rocks, minerals, waters and biological materials. Most of these data were produced using the well established method of gas source mass spectrometry after sample decomposition and silicon purification via fluorination techniques. 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引用次数: 89
摘要
与本书中讨论的许多其他元素的稳定同位素相比,硅的稳定同位素严格来说并不是“非传统稳定同位素”,因为它们已经被研究了60多年。在Reynolds和Verhoogen(1953)以及Allenby(1954)的开创性工作之后,对地质材料的硅同位素研究稳步增加,产生了大量数据。这些数据是由Ding等人(1996)与新的测量数据一起汇编而成的,这些测量数据总共包括了一千多个岩石、矿物、水和生物材料的样本。这些数据大多是在经过样品分解和氟化技术的硅净化后,使用成熟的气源质谱法产生的。对于许多非传统稳定同位素,随着第二代多收集器等离子体源质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)的出现,硅同位素的研究得到了蓬勃发展。这些仪器消除了对危险气态氟样品制备方法的要求,同时提高了湿等离子体(De La Rocha 2002年)和干等离子体(Cardinal et al. 2003年)的分析精度。随后的分析发展涉及高质量分辨率MC-ICP-MS结合改进的硅净化方法(Georg et al. 2006),使该分析技术更加稳健和精确,甚至可以研究高温地质过程中产生的细微硅同位素变化(Savage et al. 2014)。硅是元素周期表中的第十四种元素。在纯硅基准材料上,精确测定其原子量为28.08553±0.00039原子量单位(a.m.u) (NIST SRM-990, Barnes et al. 1975)。95%置信限误差包括当时已知的30Si/28Si的总体自然同位素变化范围,根据生物、陨石和陆地材料的分析估计约为5‰(Tilles 1961)。如下所述,目前的数据库表明……
In contrast to many other stable isotopes of the elements discussed in this book, those of silicon are not strictly speaking “Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes” because they have been studied for more than 60 years. After the pioneering works of Reynolds and Verhoogen (1953) and Allenby (1954), a steady increase in silicon isotope studies of geological materials has led to a substantial corpus of data. These data were compiled by Ding et al. (1996) alongside new measurements that, collectively, included over a thousand samples of rocks, minerals, waters and biological materials. Most of these data were produced using the well established method of gas source mass spectrometry after sample decomposition and silicon purification via fluorination techniques. As for many non-traditional stable isotopes, silicon isotope research has flourished with the advent of second generation of multicollector plasma source mass spectrometers (MC–ICP–MS). These instruments eliminated the requirement of hazardous gaseous fluorine sample preparation methods while permitting improved analytical precision in both wet plasma (De La Rocha 2002) and in dry plasma (Cardinal et al. 2003). Subsequent analytical developments involving high mass resolution MC–ICP–MS combined with improved silicon purification methods (Georg et al. 2006) made this analytical technique more robust and precise enough to study even the subtle silicon isotope variations produced during high temperature geological processes (Savage et al. 2014). Silicon is the fourteenth element of the Periodic Table. Its atomic mass was precisely determined to be 28.08553 ± 0.00039 in atomic mass units (a.m.u.) on a pure silicon reference material (NIST SRM–990, Barnes et al. 1975). This 95% confidence limit error includes the overall natural isotopic variation range for 30Si/28Si known by the time, estimated to be about 5‰ from the analysis of biological, meteoritic and terrestrial materials (Tilles 1961). As detailed below, the current database suggests …
期刊介绍:
RiMG is a series of multi-authored, soft-bound volumes containing concise reviews of the literature and advances in theoretical and/or applied mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, and geochemistry. The content of each volume consists of fully developed text which can be used for self-study, research, or as a text-book for graduate-level courses. RiMG volumes are typically produced in conjunction with a short course but can also be published without a short course. The series is jointly published by the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) and the Geochemical Society.