从黑格尔到马克思:权威与革命之间的路德教改革

L. Calvié
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1843年至1844年,年轻的卡尔·马克思认为路德教是德国“革命性的过去”。在他看来,即将到来的革命,无论是智力上的还是社会上的,都始于“哲学家的大脑”,正如宗教改革最初存在于“僧侣的大脑”一样。就黑格尔而言,他认为宗教改革导致了良心的转变和政府的更迭,可以安全地保护德国免受任何类似法国的革命(无论是1789年的革命还是1830年的革命)。马克思对黑格尔的“颠覆”只是关于路德教革命及其与权威和革命的大知识分子和政治辩论中的一个重要里程碑,从18世纪最后十年到1848年,从激进的“雅各宾主义”到黑格尔左派,通过政治浪漫主义,青年德国和海涅。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
De Hegel à Marx : La Réforme luthérienne entre autorité et révolution
As a young man, in 1843-44, Karl Marx believed that Lutheranism was the ‘revolutionary past’ of Germany. In his view the revolution to come, which would be intellectual and social alike, began ‘in the philosopher’s brain’, just as the Reformation had first existed ‘in the monk’s brain’. As far as he was concerned, Hegel considered the Reformation, which resulted both in the transformation of consciences and the change of government, as safely protecting Germany against any French-like revolution (either in its 1789 or its 1830 form). The ‘subverting’ of Hegel by Marx was only a significant landmark in the large intellectual and political debate about the Lutheran Revolution and its links with authority and revolution that took place in Germany from the last decade of the XVIIIth century to 1848, from the Aufklarung as radicalized in ‘jacobinism’ down to the Hegelian left, through political romanticism, Young Germany and Heine.
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