埃塞俄比亚东部Hirna地区抗宿主和喷洒杀菌剂对普通豆锈病的防治

Yehizbalem Azmeraw, T. Hussien
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要豆锈病(Uromyces appendiculatus)是世界上影响豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)生产的重要病害。在埃塞俄比亚,这是限制普通豆生产的最具破坏性的疾病。2010年主要种植季,在原谷大学Hirna研究分站进行了田间试验,研究了放生的普通豆品种对锈病的反应,以及抗寄主和杀真菌剂叶面喷施对病害发生及防治的影响。试验采用3个重复、15个品种的随机完全区组设计,管理部分采用3个重复、随机完全区组设计。在杀菌剂喷雾中,对敏感品种(Mexican-142)和中等抗性品种(Awash-1)进行了三种接触型(即百菌清、代森锰锌和氢氧化铜)和一种系统型(Triadimefon)杀菌剂的试验。研究结果表明,评价的普通豆品种在病害严重程度、病害进展曲线面积、病害进展率和籽粒产量等方面存在显著差异。鉴定了普通豆品种的3个反应组,即敏感组、中等抗性组和抗性组。抗病品种的粮食产量最高。在Hirna,发现Kufanzik、Haramaya、Melkadima、Gofta、Chore和Awash Melka等品种对该病具有抗性。这些品种也是高产品种。然而,如果抗病品种的种子不足以覆盖主要种植区,农民可以在疾病普遍和紧迫的地方使用具有杀菌剂喷洒的中等抗性品种。在管理研究中,与施用三唑美酮和/或其他杀菌剂(代森锰锌、氢氧化铜和百菌清)的敏感品种相比,施用三唑美酮的中抗性品种的锈病发病率、严重程度、进展曲线下面积较低,疾病进展速度较慢。中等抗性品种Awash-1与Triadimefon综合使用是产量最高(2306.25 kg hm -1)的最佳管理选择。与易感品种墨西哥-142相比,中度抗性品种Awash-1的叶面喷施可使籽粒相对产量损失降低10.84%。综上所述,Awash-1与Triadimefon喷雾综合使用是最有效的豆锈病防治方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Management of Common Bean Rust ( Uromyces appendiculatus ) through Host Resistance and Fungicide Sprays in Hirna District, Eastern Ethiopia
Common bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) is an important disease affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in the world. In Ethiopia, this is the most destructive disease constraining common bean production. Field experiments were carried out at Hirna Research Sub-Station of Haramaya University in the 2010 main cropping season to elucidate reaction of released common bean varieties to rust infection and to study the effect of integrated use of host resistance and fungicide foliar sprays on incidence of the disease and its control. For the evaluation of common bean varieties to rust disease the experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications and 15 varieties and the experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications for the management part. In the fungicide spray, three contact (i.e., Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb and Copper hydroxide) and one systemic (Triadimefon) fungicides were tested on a susceptible (Mexican-142) and a moderately resistant (Awash-1) varieties. The research results obtained indicated that the evaluated common bean varieties varied significantly in severity, area under disease progress curve, disease progress rate and grain yield. Three reaction groups of common bean varieties were identified, viz. susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant. The resistant varieties produced the highest grain yield. At Hirna the varieties, Kufanzik, Haramaya, Melkadima, Gofta, Chore and Awash Melka were found to be resistant to the disease. These varieties were also high yielders. However, in case seeds of resistant varieties are inadequate to cover the major growing areas, farmers can use the moderately resistant varieties with fungicide sprays wherever the disease is a pervasive and pressing problem. In the management study, lower rust incidence, severity, area under progress curve and slower disease progress rate occurred on the moderately resistant variety sprayed with Triadimefon than on the susceptible variety with Triadimefon and/or with other fungicides (Mancozeb, Copper hydroxide and Chlorothalonil). The integrated use of moderately resistant variety (Awash-1) with Triadimefon proved to be the best management option producing the highest (2306.25 kg ha-1) grain yield. Triadimefon foliar spray reduced relative grain yield loss by 10.84% on the moderately resistant variety Awash-1 compared to the susceptible variety Mexican-142. In conclusion, integrated use of Awash-1 with Triadimefon spray was found to be the most effective bean rust management option.
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