Sharp tactile lines by edge stimulation method

Summary form only given, as follows. Demonstration includes an experiment of presenting sharp line-shape vibrotactile sensations produced by Edge Stimulation (ES) method. A 3×3 vibrator array tactile display with small amplitudes present various tactile line sensations between the vibrators rather than on the vibrators themselves. The display can make 5 um vibration at 30 Hz perceivable, even though they normally require a 30 um amplitude for simple vibrations. The ES method allows the tactile display surface to be a flat plane; it can be mounted on a flat surface of any devices and can project images on this surface.