不同养分管理和栽植方式下水稻的生产力、盈利能力、养分吸收和能量学

T. Samant, L. Garnayak, R. Paikaray, P. Mishra, B. Rath
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引用次数: 0

摘要

通过2019- 2020年和2020- 2021年的田间试验,研究了营养管理和水稻种植方式对奥里萨邦沿海水稻-花生种植系统水稻生产力、盈利能力、养分吸收和能量学的影响。试验在哈里夫季节采用因子随机区组设计,在拉比季节采用分块设计,共3个重复。主田采用直接播种稻(DSR)和移栽稻(TPR)两种水稻种植方法和无机源、有机源和水稻综合营养管理(INM)三种养分管理方法组成的6种处理组合。花生的养分管理采用75%土壤试验基无机肥(STBF)、100%土壤试验基无机肥(STBF)和无机无机肥(INM) 3种方式。结果表明,TPR比DSR增产3.3% (5.65 t hm -1)。TPR的平均种植成本(77,816公顷-1)和总收益(1,12,353公顷-1)也较高,而DSR的净收益(39,121公顷-1)和效益成本比(1.68)更高。与DSR相比,移栽可增加水稻作物对养分的吸收,最高可达99.4 kg N、27.9 kg P和107.3 kg K hm -1。TPR的能量输出(1,48,205 MJ ha-1)、能量比(18.0)和能量生产率(0.69 kg MJ-1)均高于DSR。有机管理的平均粒数(6.06 t hm -1)和秸秆产量(7.09 t hm -1)最高,有机管理的平均粒数和秸秆产量基本相同。与有机营养和无机营养相比,INM的净收益分别高出50、781和7470公顷,效益:成本比分别高出0.84和0.04。稻作氮磷钾吸收量最大。但是,孤立的无机和有机做法,根据其几乎相似的产量,作物对养分的吸收相似。水稻种植过程中,有机栽培消耗的能量最少,能量比最高(23.4 kg MJ-1),能量生产力最高(0.87 kg MJ-1),其次为无机栽培和无机栽培。因此,在奥里萨邦沿海水稻-花生种植系统中,采用INM方法种植水稻是提高水稻生产力、盈利能力、养分吸收和能源效率的可行管理方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and energetics under different nutrient management and rice establishment methods in rice-groundnut cropping system
A field experiment was conducted during 2019-20 and 2020-21 to study the effect of nutrient management and rice establishment methods on rice productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and energetics in rice-groundnut cropping system in coastal Odisha. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomised block design during the Kharif and in split-plot design during the Rabi seasons with three replications. Six treatment combinations comprising of two rice establishment methods viz., direct seeded rice (DSR) and transplanted rice (TPR) and three nutrient management practices, viz., inorganic source, organic source and integrated nutrient management (INM) to rice during kharif were allotted to the main-plots. Three nutrient management practices to groundnut viz., 75% soil test based inorganic fertilizers (STBF), 100% STBF (inorganic) and INM during rabi were allotted to the sub-plots. The results of the study revealed that TPR resulted in 3.3% higher grain yield (5.65 t ha-1) than DSR. TPR also fetched the higher mean cost of cultivation (Rs. 77, 816 ha-1) and gross returns (Rs. 1, 12, 353 ha-1) while DSR recorded more net returns (Rs. 39, 121 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.68). Transplanting increased uptake of nutrients by rice crop to the maximum of 99.4 kg N, 27.9 kg P and 107.3 kg K ha-1 as compared to DSR. TPR recorded the higher energy output (1, 48, 205 MJ ha-1), energy ratio (18.0) and energy productivity (0.69 kg MJ-1) than DSR. INM exhibited the highest mean grain (6.06 t ha-1) and straw yields (7.09 t ha-1), while the organic management showed at par of these values. The INM practice also fetched 50, 781 ha-1 and 7,470 ha-1 higher net returns and 0.84 and 0.04 higher benefit: cost ratio over organic practice and inorganic nutrition, respectively. The INM practice in rice crop resulted in the maximum N, P and K uptake. But, the inorganic and organic practice in isolation have similar uptake of nutrients by the crop in accordance with their almost similar yields. The minimum energy for raising rice crop was spent in organic practice, which generated maximum energy ratio (23.4) and energy productivity (0.87 kg MJ-1) followed by INM and inorganic practice. Thus, transplanting method of rice establishment with INM approach is a viable management practice for improving productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and energy efficiency of rice in rice-groundnut cropping system in coastal Odisha.
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