Abstracts from other journals

s From Other Journals Characterization of the Oral Microbiome in Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis Anderson JG, Paster BJ, Kokaras A, Chen T. J Immun Res. 2021;7(1):1037 Canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis is a debilitating, oral mucosal disorder of dogs. A commonly held hypothesis for pathogenesis is that bacterial plaque on tooth surfaces is responsible for the ulcerative mucosal lesions. As such, therapy has focused on fullmouth, tooth extraction. Recent studies revealed a unique leukocyte profile in canine ulcerative stomatitis that is amenable to immune modulating therapy. What remains unknown is the role bacteria may play in dysbiosis and immune-inflammatory mechanisms. The microbiota of canine ulcerative stomatitis has not been characterized. Aims of the present study include determination of themicrobiomeofmucosal lesions in canine ulcerative stomatitis and that of the supragingival plaque of the opposing tooth. Themicrobiota of these surfaceswas compared to healthymucosa in the canine ulcerative stomatitis patient, and three non-stomatitis control patients. Our hypothesis was that specific microbial species or complexes are associated with ulcerative stomatitis. DNA from 100 clinical samples was evaluated using Next Generation Sequencing methods and was analyzed using LDA Effect Size and the non-parametric factorial Kruskal-Wallis sum-rank test. Statistically significant differences in species were determined frommucosal ulcers versus normal sites in ulcerative stomatitis patients. Species that were more prevalent on the ulcer lesions included putative periodontal pathogens, such as a Tannerella forsythia-like phylotype and Porphyromonas gingivicanis, a species related to the human pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. The microbial profile of the supragingival plaque of the abutting tooth to the ulcer revealed similar pathogens. This study showed that in dogs with stomatitis, the mucosal ulcer is inhabited by a unique, species-specific bacterial community and suggests significant differences between the oral mucosa of healthy dogs, dogs with severe periodontal disease, or dogs with oral mucosal tumors. Based on our results, full-mouth, tooth extraction may not be the optimal treatment of the disease. Localization of the First Mandibular Molar Roots in Relationship to the Mandibular Canal in Small Breed Dogs—A Tomography Imaging Study Chia H, Taney K, Hoover D, Robertson JB, VillamizarMartinez LA. Front Vet Sci. 2021 May 12;8:684763 The intimate relationship between the mandibular canal (MC) and the first mandibular molar tooth presents challenges when performing dentoalveolar surgical procedures due to the probability of causing iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. Superimposition between the MC and the first molar (M1) tooth roots is often observed on intraoral dental radiographs in small breed dogs. However, due to the radiograph’s bidimensional nature, it is impossible to determine the buccal or lingual localization of the first molar roots with respect to the MC. Thus, this study’s objective was to determine the localization of the first molar tooth’s roots in relation to the position of the MC and their overlapping percentage with the canal in small-bodyweight dogs (<15 kg) using tomographic diagnostic images. For this, cone-beam computed tomography and high-definition computed tomography exams from 103 small breed dogs (under 15 kg) were retrospectively assessed to determine the lingual or buccal localization of the first molar tooth’s roots with respect to the MC and the degree of overlap of the roots with the canal. In conclusion, most of the roots of M1 of dogs under 15 kg were located at the MC’s lingual aspect (82.7%) with an overall superimposition median with the MC of 100 and 90% for the mesial and distal roots, respectively. Straddle tooth roots were not a common anatomical presentation in the dogs of this study. Excision of Extensive Orbitozygomaticomaxillary Complex Tumors Combining an Intraand Extraoral Approach With Transpalpebral Orbital Exenteration Thomson AE, Rigby BE, Geddes AT, Soukup JW. Front Vet Sci. 2020 Dec 11;7:569747 The junction of the bones of the orbit, caudal maxilla and zygoma intersect to form an anatomically intricate region known as the orbitozygomaticomaxillary complex (OZMC). Given the critical role of the OZMC in the structure, function and esthetics of the skull and midface, tumors in this region present unique challenges to the oromaxillofacial surgeon. Attempts to achieve histologically clean tumor margins in a cosmetically pleasing manner requires excellent intraoperative visualization. Additionally, minimized intraoperative and postoperative complications is of paramount importance. In this manuscript we describe a combined intraand extraoral approach to extensive tumors of the OZMC that incorporates orbital exenteration as a technique, which allows for excellent Abstracts Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 2021, Vol. 38(2) 113-115 © The Author(s) 2021 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/08987564211048659 journals.sagepub.com/home/jov intraoperative visualization and mitigate intraand postoperative complications. In addition, we describe our experience utilizing the technique in five clinical cases. Effect of Alternative Palatal Root Access Technique on Fracture Resistance of Root Canal Treated Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth in Dogs Matelski J, Rendahl A, Goldschmidt S. Front Vet Sci. 2020 Dec 11;7:600145 A biomechanical study was performed to identify the effect of different treatment methods for difficult to instrument palatal roots on the fracture resistance of root canal treated maxillary fourth premolar teeth in dogs. Forty maxillary fourth premolar teeth with surrounding alveolar bone were harvested from beagle cadavers. Inclusion criteria included maxillary fourth premolars with no evidence of disease and similar distal root canal volumes on radiographic evaluation. The teeth were randomly divided into a control group and three treatment groups based on the endodontic treatment technique for the palatal root. The control group had a single 2 mm transcoronal access on the mesiobuccal aspect of the tooth to allow instrumentation of both the mesiobuccal and palatal root through a single small access. Alternative treatment modalities that are described for difficult to instrument palatal roots investigated in this study included enlarging the transcoronal mesiobuccal access to 4 mm, making an additional access directly over the palatal root (2 mm), and hemisection with extraction of the palatal root. All teeth had the same distal root access size (2 mm) and relative location. After access, all teeth were filed, shaped, obturated, and restored in the same fashion. Axial compression testing was performed at an angle of 60 degrees to the long axis of the tooth using a universal materials testing machine. The maximum force prior to fracture was determined for each tooth based on a force vs. deflection curve. The mean maximum force prior to fracture for all teeth was 831 N. No significant difference in mean fracture resistance was identified between the control group and treatment groups or between the different treatment groups themselves. Thus, when faced with a difficult to instrument palatal root, the treatment method chosen should be based on operator preference