蛇属蛇形病毒:综述与展望

A. Boon, Marley E. Iredale, Steve Tillis, R. Ossiboff
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引用次数: 0

摘要

毒蛇病毒,最初被称为nidovirus,大约十年前首次在圈养的蟒蛇中被记录下来。从那时起,人们对这些重要的病原体有了更多的了解,现在它们被归为托巴尼病毒科蛇毒亚科,是一种威胁圈养蛇的重要新兴病原体。蛇形病毒感染在蟒蛇(蟒蛇科)中最具特征,但也有记录显示在蟒蛇(蟒蛇科)和色蛛(色蛛科),以及木背龙(Tiliqua rugosa),面纱变色龙(Chamaeleo calyptratus)和贝林杰河鳄龟(Myuchelys georgesi)中。临床表现为口腔黏膜分泌增多,口腔黏膜变红,呼吸困难,厌食,体重减轻。亚临床感染也可能发生,多项研究报告临床症状与蛇病毒核酸存在之间缺乏相关性。与蛇形病毒感染相关的病变主要发生在上呼吸道和胃肠道,但也可扩展到肺部。显微镜下,这些病变可包括炎症、上皮增生和增生性间质性肺炎,并可并发细菌性支气管肺炎。最常见的诊断方法是逆转录PCR检测病毒RNA,口/鼻拭子是死前或死后诊断的可靠样本。具体的治疗方案尚未描述,管理是基于支持性护理。这份手稿提出了迄今为止所有蛇形病毒出版物的叙述性审查,从研究人员的角度出发,进一步表征这些病原体,目的是为临床医生、动物学策展人员、野生动物生物学家和业余爱好者提供全面的临床和诊断概述。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ophidian Serpentoviruses: A Review and Perspective
Ophidian serpentoviruses, initially referred to as nidoviruses, were first documented in captive pythons nearly ten years ago. Since then, much has been learned about these important pathogens, now classified in subfamily Serpentovirinae of family Tobaniviridae and representing an important emerging pathogen that threatens captive snakes. Serpentoviral infections are best characterized in pythons (family Pythonidae), but have also been documented in boas (family Boidae) and colubrids (family Colubridae), as well as shingleback skinks (Tiliqua rugosa), veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus), and the Bellinger River snapping turtle (Myuchelys georgesi). Clinical signs include increased oral mucous secretion, oral mucosal reddening, dyspnea, anorexia, and weight loss. Subclinical infections can also occur, and multiple studies report a lack of correlation between clinical signs and presence of serpentoviral nucleic acids in snakes. Lesions associated with serpentoviral infections predominantly occur in the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts but can also extend to the lungs. Microscopically, these lesions may consist of inflammation, epithelial proliferation, and proliferative interstitial pneumonias, which can be complicated by concurrent bacterial bronchopneumonia. The most common method of diagnosis is reverse transcription PCR to detect viral RNA, and oral/choanal swabs are reliable samples for ante- or postmortem diagnosis. Specific treatment protocols have not yet been described, and management is based on supportive care. This manuscript presents a narrative review of all serpentovirus publications to date with perspective from researchers working to further characterize these pathogens, with the goal of serving as a comprehensive clinical and diagnostic overview for clinicians, zoological curatorial staff, wildlife biologists, and hobbyists.
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