利用陆地控制源电磁识别拉链压裂作业中地质控制的影响——以阿纳达科盆地为例

M. Hickey, Oscar Vasquez, S. Treviño, J. Oberle, Drew J. Jones
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引用次数: 4

摘要

可控源电磁法(CSEM)用于三口井拉链压裂作业的监控和成像。我们研究了完井作业与储层深度断裂带之间的相互作用。利用两根接地偶极子发射线和350个接收器位置,对阿纳达科盆地3口水平井的27个压裂段进行了监测。我们的宽带信号在压裂阶段开始前、压裂阶段中以及压裂阶段完成后传输。这使我们能够在压裂阶段开始之前建立基线图像,并在整个压裂过程中生成响应。收集到的电磁数据可以直接测量水力压裂过程引起的地下电导率变化,并由此推断流体运动。本案例研究展示了三口井相交的储层深度断层的影响,并探讨了地层非均质性对压裂流体运移的可能影响。我们的CSEM方法产生的图像说明了流体的横向范围,裂缝的方位角,并确定了储层的非均质性。此外,与微地震不同的是,CSEM方法记录了天然裂缝中流体流动产生的信号,以及水力裂缝产生的信号。因此,CSEM使我们能够推断流体的传播和位置,以测量断层附近和远离断层的裂缝行为,而断层带可能起到下沉和屏障的作用。CSEM监测压裂作业不仅可以作为监测和裂缝诊断的工具,还可以用于识别可能影响储层增产的地质控制因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Using Land Controlled Source Electromagnetics to Identify the Effects of Geologic Controls During a Zipper Frac Operation - A Case Study from the Anadarko Basin
Controlled Source Electromagnetics (CSEM) is used to monitor and image a three well zipper frac operation. We examine the interaction between the completions operation and a fault zone at reservoir depth. Using two grounded dipole transmitter lines and 350 receiver locations, 27 frac stages were monitored in the Anadarko basin for three horizontal wells. Our broadband signal is transmitted before the start of the frac stage, during the frac stage, and after the frac stage is completed. This allows us to establish a baseline image prior to the start of the frac stage and to generate a response throughout the frac. The electromagnetic data collected provides a direct measurement of the conductivity change in the subsurface caused by the hydraulic fracturing process and from this we infer fluid movement. This case study presents the effects of a fault at reservoir depths that is intersected by the three wells and examines the possible effects of formation heterogeneities on frac fluid migration. Images produced by our CSEM method illustrate the lateral extent of the fluid, fracture azimuth, and identify reservoir heterogeneities. In addition, unlike microseismic, the CSEM method records signal generated from fluid flow in natural fractures as well as those fractures created by hydraulic pressure. As a result, CSEM allows us to infer fluid propagation and location to gauge frac behavior near and away from the fault where the fault zone is seen possibly acting as a sink and barrier. CSEM monitoring of a frac operation not only serves as a tool for monitoring and fracture diagnostic, it can also be used to identify geologic controls that can affect reservoir stimulation.
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