将状态赋予无状态:用分类账增强可信计算

Gabriel Kaptchuk, M. Green, Ian Miers
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引用次数: 49

摘要

在这项工作中,我们研究了通过将无状态可信设备与公共分类账相结合可以实现的新的计算属性。我们考虑了一种混合范例,其中客户端设备(例如协处理器或可信enclave)执行安全计算,同时通过可能是恶意的主机与公共分类账进行交互。我们探讨了这些系统的建设性和潜在的破坏性影响。我们首先表明,即使设备没有持久存储,这种组合也允许构建有状态交互功能(包括一般计算);这使我们能够使用廉价的可信硬件甚至纯加密混淆技术构建复杂的应用程序。我们进一步展示了如何使用此范式来实现与网络的抗审查通信,即使网络通信由潜在的恶意主机介导。最后,我们描述了今天可以实现的一些实际应用。其中包括私有智能合约的同步;速率限制的强制记录;从弱密码强加密备份;加强多方计算的公平性;破坏性的应用程序,如自主勒索软件,允许在没有在线方的情况下进行支付。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Giving State to the Stateless: Augmenting Trustworthy Computation with Ledgers
In this work we investigate new computational properties that can be achieved by combining stateless trusted devices with public ledgers. We consider a hybrid paradigm in which a client-side device (such as a co-processor or trusted enclave) performs secure computation, while interacting with a public ledger via a possibly malicious host computer. We explore both the constructive and potentially destructive implications of such systems. We first show that this combination allows for the construction of stateful interactive functionalities (including general computation) even when the device has no persistent storage; this allows us to build sophisticated applications using inexpensive trusted hardware or even pure cryptographic obfuscation techniques. We further show how to use this paradigm to achieve censorship-resistant communication with a network, even when network communications are mediated by a potentially malicious host. Finally we describe a number of practical applications that can be achieved today. These include the synchronization of private smart contracts; rate limited mandatory logging; strong encrypted backups from weak passwords; enforcing fairness in multi-party computation; and destructive applications such as autonomous ransomware, which allows for payments without an online party.
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