{"title":"城市环境中社会经济地位对脆弱性的不同影响:美国老年妇女的概率分析","authors":"Fred Olayele, Poorvi Goel","doi":"10.1080/19463138.2022.2060236","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper integrates a unique dimension of gender in the analysis of economic vulnerability in urban contexts by focusing on women aged 50 and older. We use a probit model to predict the likelihood of vulnerability with a zero-one dummy dependent variable, and four categories of socioeconomic characteristics as predictors: educational attainment, labour market participation, individual demographics, and household characteristics. Using a pooled cross-section of data from the American Community Survey (2013–2017 5-Year estimates), we explore the transmission channel of vulnerability across the four largest cities in the US. The results show, through average marginal effects, a strong association between economic vulnerability and key socioeconomic indicators. The findings support the view that gender differences in labour market participation remain key in explaining disparities. Our two policy prescriptions focus on a more targeted approach in implementing retirement policy changes and loosening the link between labour supply and income.","PeriodicalId":45341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The differential impacts of socioeconomic status on vulnerability in urban contexts: a probit analysis of older women in the United States\",\"authors\":\"Fred Olayele, Poorvi Goel\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/19463138.2022.2060236\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"ABSTRACT This paper integrates a unique dimension of gender in the analysis of economic vulnerability in urban contexts by focusing on women aged 50 and older. We use a probit model to predict the likelihood of vulnerability with a zero-one dummy dependent variable, and four categories of socioeconomic characteristics as predictors: educational attainment, labour market participation, individual demographics, and household characteristics. Using a pooled cross-section of data from the American Community Survey (2013–2017 5-Year estimates), we explore the transmission channel of vulnerability across the four largest cities in the US. The results show, through average marginal effects, a strong association between economic vulnerability and key socioeconomic indicators. The findings support the view that gender differences in labour market participation remain key in explaining disparities. Our two policy prescriptions focus on a more targeted approach in implementing retirement policy changes and loosening the link between labour supply and income.\",\"PeriodicalId\":45341,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-05-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2022.2060236\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2022.2060236","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
The differential impacts of socioeconomic status on vulnerability in urban contexts: a probit analysis of older women in the United States
ABSTRACT This paper integrates a unique dimension of gender in the analysis of economic vulnerability in urban contexts by focusing on women aged 50 and older. We use a probit model to predict the likelihood of vulnerability with a zero-one dummy dependent variable, and four categories of socioeconomic characteristics as predictors: educational attainment, labour market participation, individual demographics, and household characteristics. Using a pooled cross-section of data from the American Community Survey (2013–2017 5-Year estimates), we explore the transmission channel of vulnerability across the four largest cities in the US. The results show, through average marginal effects, a strong association between economic vulnerability and key socioeconomic indicators. The findings support the view that gender differences in labour market participation remain key in explaining disparities. Our two policy prescriptions focus on a more targeted approach in implementing retirement policy changes and loosening the link between labour supply and income.
期刊介绍:
International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development aims to provide a forum for cutting-edge research and rigorous debate for an in-depth and holistic understanding of the complex inter-related environmental, social, economic, political, spatial, institutional and physical challenges facing urban areas. Its premise is that multi-disciplinary approaches provide the space for the range of disciplines and perspectives related to the full breadth of issues that affect urban sustainable development.