RESULTADOS Y COMPLICACIONES DE CIRUGÍA DE CATARATA POR FACOEMULSIFICACIÓN

RESUMEN: Objetivo : Describir resultados y complicaciones de pacientes llevados a cirugia de catarata por facoemulsificacion mas implante de lente intraocular en el Hospital de San Jose y explorar la asociacion entre posibles factores relacionados con complicaciones intraoperatorias. Materiales y metodos: Cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron todos los ojos operados de catarata por facoemulsificacion entre 2010 y 2016. Se excluyeron casos con registros insuficientes, convertidos a extraccion extracapsular de catarata por causas diferentes a complicaciones y en los cuales se realizo cirugia combinada programada. Se describieron caracteristicas especiales intraoperatorias del ojo, dureza de la catarata, colaboracion intraoperatoria del paciente, resultados visuales y refractivos y complicaciones, durante el primer mes postoperatorio. Se evaluo la relacion entre caracteristicas especiales del ojo y complicaciones intraoperatorias usando la prueba de chicuadrado y considerando un p valor inferior a 0.05 como estadisticamente significativo Resultados: Se incluyeron 2175 ojos, se excluyeron 128, para 2047 estudiados. Al mes postoperatorio, el 86.8% alcanzo agudeza visual corregida de 20/40 o mejor y el 75.2% equivalente esferico de ± 1.00D. Los ojos con alguna caracteristica especial presentaron mas complicaciones intraoperatorias (p=0.01), al igual que aquellos con catarata extremadamente dura (p=0.003) y con colaboracion deficiente durante la cirugia (p<0.000). La complicacion intraoperatoria mas frecuente fue ruptura de capsula posterior y la postoperatoria, opacidad de capsula posterior.  Conclusiones: Se obtuvieron resultados visuales y refractivos satisfactorios y la incidencia de complicaciones fue similar a la reportada en la literatura. La identificacion de caracteristicas especiales intraoperatorias es importante dada su asociacion con mayor incidencia de complicaciones. ABSTRACT: Purpose: To describe outcomes and complications of patients underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation in the San Jose Hospital and explore the association between possible factors with intraoperative complications. Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort. There was included all the eyes undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery between 2010 and 2016. There was excluded cases with insufficient records, cases converted to extracapsular cataract extraction by causes different of complications and those wich underwent scheduled combined surgery. There was described intraoperative special characteristics of the eye, cataract hardness, intraoperative colaboration of the patient, visual and refractive outcomes and complications during the first postoperative month. The association between special characteristics of the eye and intraoperative complications was evaluated using the chi square test considering a p value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: There was included 2175 eyes and 128 excluded, for a total of 2047 studied eyes. A month postoperatively, the 86.8% achieved a best corrected visual accuity of 20/40 or better and the 75.2% spherical equivalent of ±1.00D. Eyes with any special characteristic presented more intraoperative complications (p=0.01), the same as those with extremely hard cataract (p=0.003) and with deficient colaboration during the surgery (p<0.000). The most frecuent intraoperative complication was rupture of the posterior capsule and the most frequent postoperative complication was posterior capsule opacification. Conclusions: Satisfactory visual and refractive outcomes were obtained and the incidence of complications was similar to those reported by the literature. The identification of intraoperative special characteristics of the eye is important due to its association with higher incidence of complications.