Analysis of Performance-Improvement of Microstrip Antenna at 2.45 GHz Through Inset Feed Method

Microstrip patch antenna (MSA) has numerous applications such as aircraft, biomedical engineering, connected vehicles, cellular phones, satellites, smart grid, and spacecraft. Single MSA or MSA Array (MSAA) require low-cost materials with simple and inexpensive fabrication techniques. With the help of modern and highly precise printed-circuit technology it is possible to fabricate inexpensive and robust MSA/MSAA, which are compatible with microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) designs. Rectangular patch, one of the most popular patches, has different feeding techniques for impedance matching. Inset fed rectangular patch does not require any additional complex microwave circuit. Inset feeding mechanism can easily be optimized with the help of 3D simulation software. Very few investigations are made on inset fed MSAA, though several research papers can be found on inset fed rectangular MSA. In this paper a comparative analysis of edge fed and inset fed MSA/MSAA at 2.45 GHz frequency band is done using FR-4 and air substrates. It was found that the inset fed MSA with air substrate performs better when the directivities, gains, bandwidths and return losses are considered. Though FR4 substrate is cheap and miniaturization of MSAA is better with FR-4 substrate.