The geomorphological basis of beach resort sites— Some Malaysian examples

The erosion problem faced by many beach resorts can often be attributed to the omission or inadequate consideration of the coastal geomorphology of the resort sites. This paper evaluates, on a geomorphological basis, the existing and potential beach resort sites on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The evaluation of the aspects of the coastal environment relevant to the resort sites include the beach, backshore, nearshore zone, hinterland, vegetation, rivers and monsoons. Several types of beach resort sites can be identified: zetaform bays with a protected upcoast curve in the lee of a headland; non-zetaform bays which are usually small; barrier beaches which are straight and exposed; low linear coasts; sandy spits; and estuaries. This typology can be used as a guide for future resort development.