Psychosocial interventions to support retirement well-being and adjustment: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective Adjustment to retirement is heterogeneous in nature, and for some, but not all individuals, may require well-being support. However, limited information is available on the types of psychosocial interventions that can be effective during this time of transition with pre-retirees or retirees. This review identified psychosocial interventions with adults before and during retirement, and their effectiveness in maintaining or increasing well-being. Method Following PRISMA guidelines, a multi-database systematic literature review, with a two-stage screening process, was conducted utilising narrative synthesis. Records were independently screened by two screeners against set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Two thousand four hundred and thirty-six records were identified for screening with 20 studies found eligible for final review. These included seven randomised controlled trial studies (RCT), six non-randomised quasi-experimental controlled studies, and seven single group pre/post intervention studies. Interventions covered cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), positive psychology, mentoring, family therapy and others. Conclusions The review highlighted the benefits of psychosocial support to adults’ well-being before and after they retire, especially with participation in group-based programs utilising elements of CBT. There was also evidence for well-being maintenance with longer running interventions. Results should be considered in the development of future psychosocial interventions to support individuals during this important life phase in older adulthood. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Retirement is a complex life phase that can affect well-being both positively and negatively depending on personal circumstances. (2) The retirement transition is a process of adjustment which occurs over time. (3) There is limited information regarding mental health and well-being interventions for pre-retirees/retirees. What this topic adds: (1) Detailed information on the types of psychosocial interventions that have been designed for pre-retirees and retirees during the adjustment phase (transition). (2) Evidence for psychosocial intervention efficacy in supporting individuals before and during retirement. (3) Insight into what types of therapies have been effective and for what outcome variables, in increasing or maintaining well-being while adjusting to retirement.