混凝土与陶瓷块:考虑国家层面方法的环境影响评价

L. Caldas, F. Pittau, R. Schaeffer, A. B. Saraiva, R. L. M. Paiva, R. T. Toledo Filho
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引用次数: 3

摘要

在大陆国家,建筑材料经常从工厂长途运输到建筑工地。当建筑材料采购需要质量和性能认证系统时,这一点尤为重要。在这种情况下,运输阶段往往对建筑材料的环境影响有很大贡献。考虑到中国、印度和巴西等国家,即大陆国家,预计未来住房需求最大,交通问题将在环境影响中发挥关键作用。通过一个巴西的案例研究,本研究调查了由巴西质量计划认证的混凝土和陶瓷块制成的结构砌体对环境的潜在影响。在考虑使用文献和Ecoinvent数据的国家级方法的同时,进行了从摇篮到现场的生命周期评估(LCA)。结果表明,陶瓷砌块在大多数状态和场景下均优于陶瓷砌块。人类健康和生态系统质量是受交通影响最大的两个类别,分别可达到96%和99%以上。建材运输系统的效率对减少温室气体排放起着重要的作用。从2020年到2050年,建筑构件从混凝土到陶瓷块的转变有可能减少1.54亿吨到2.29亿吨二氧化碳当量。这项工作中使用的方法方法可以应用于其他建筑材料和其他国家,特别是那些预计未来住房需求巨大的大陆国家。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level Approach
In continental countries, building materials are often moved over long distances from factories to building sites. This is especially important when quality and performance certification systems are required for the building materials’ acquisition. In this scenario, the transportation phase tends to have a great contribution to building materials’ environmental impacts. Taking into consideration that countries such as China, India, and Brazil, i.e., continental countries, are expecting the largest future housing demand, the issue of transportation will have a crucial role in environmental impacts. Through a Brazilian case study, the present work investigates the potential environmental impacts of structural masonry made of concrete and ceramic blocks certified by the Brazilian Quality Program. A cradle-to-site Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is carried out while considering a country-level approach using data from the literature and Ecoinvent. The results show that ceramic blocks are preferable for most states and scenarios. Human Health and Ecosystem Quality are the two categories most affected by transportation, and they can reach more than 96% and 99%, respectively. The efficiency of the building material transportation system plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A shift in building components from concrete to ceramic blocks has the potential to mitigate between 154 and 229 Mt CO2-eq between 2020 and 2050. The methodological approach used in this work can be applied to other building materials and other countries, especially those of continental dimensions that are expected to have a significant future housing demand.
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