含氰生物对含氰废水的解毒作用:以黄孢原毛毛菌为例

G. Ofori-Sarpong, A. Adam, R. Amankwah
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引用次数: 3

摘要

氰化物是一种碳氮自由基,是许多行业的主要组成部分,包括制药、石油化工和黄金加工。在黄金提取行业,一个多世纪以来,氰化物一直是通用的浸出剂,因为人们对过程化学等有了更好的了解。排放含氰废水的企业被要求将浓度控制在0.2毫克/升以下,以防止因氰化物中毒而死亡。当氰化物与关键的含铁酶结合并阻止它们向组织提供含氧血液时,就会发生氰化物中毒。用于减少废水中氰化物的技术大致可分为化学方法、物理方法和生物方法。近年来,利用氰化微生物净化氰化污染环境的生物技术方法受到了人们的关注。本文报道了在不同条件下,包括氰化物浓度、培养质量、时间、封闭系统和开放系统的变化,对黄孢Phanerochaete chrysosporium降解氰化物能力的研究。在初始pH为11.5的开放搅拌体系中,接触24小时后,100 mg/L氰化物的对照实验显示,细菌的自然衰减率为15%,pH降至9.88,而100 mg/L氰化物与0.5 g培养质量接触时,细菌的最佳解毒率为85%,24小时降解能力为17.2 mg/g(每克培养物的氰化物毫克数),pH降至8.4。其降解机制包括水解为HCN,通过大气接触自然衰减氧化为氰基自由基和氰酸盐,以及真菌分泌有机酸、氧化酶和过氧化氢。关键词:嗜氰生物;菌解毒;含氰废水
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Detoxification of Cyanide Wastewater by Cyanotrophic Organisms: the case of Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Abstract Cyanide, a carbon-nitrogen radical, is a major building block in many industries including pharmaceuticals, petrochemical and gold processing. In the gold extraction industry, cyanide has been the universal lixiviant for over a century due to better understood process chemistry, among others. Industries that discharge cyanide-laden effluents are mandated to keep concentrations below 0.2 mg/L to prevent death by cyanide-intoxification, which occurs when cyanide binds to key iron-containing enzymes and prevent them from supplying oxygen-containing blood to the tissues. Techniques used to attenuate cyanide in wastewater can broadly be grouped into chemical, physical and biological methods.  In recent times, attention has been placed on biotechnological methods, which make use of cyanotrophic microorganisms to clean up cyanide-contaminated environments. This paper reports on studies set out to assess the ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade cyanide under different conditions including changes in cyanide concentration, culture mass, time, closed system and open system. At the end of 24-hour contact in an open agitated system with initial pH of 11.5, a control experiment using 100 mg/L cyanide revealed a natural attenuation of 15% with pH decreasing to 9.88, while the best myco-detoxification of 85% was achieved by contacting 100 mg/L cyanide with 0.5 g culture mass, translating into degradation capacity of 17.2 mg/g (milligram of cyanide per gram of culture) with pH reducing to 8.4 in 24 hours. The degradation could be based on a number of mechanisms including hydrolysis to HCN, oxidation to cyanyl radical and cyanate due to natural attenuation through atmospheric contact, and secretion of organic acid, oxidative enzymes, and hydrogen peroxide by the fungus.   Keywords: Cyanotrophic Organism, Myco-Detoxification, Cyanide-Laden Effluents, pH
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