Concentration Separation Prediction Model to Enhance Prediction Accuracy of Particulate Matter

Demand for more accurate particulate matter forecasts is accumulating owing to the increased interest and issues regarding particulate matter. Incredibly low concentration particulate matter, which accounts for most of the overall particulate matter, is often underestimated when a particulate matter prediction model based on machine learning is used. This study proposed a concentration-specific separation prediction model to overcome this shortcoming. Three prediction models based on Deep Neural Network (DNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), commonly used for performance evaluation of the proposed prediction model, were used as comparative models. Root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and accuracy were utilized for performance evaluation. The results showed that the prediction accuracy for all Air Quality Index (AQI) segments was more than 80 percent in the entire concentration spectrum. In addition, the study confirmed that the over-prediction phenomenon of single neural network models concentrated in the ‘normal’ AQI region was alleviated.