孤立的现代化:厄立特里亚决定性经济意识形态的性质和根源

IF 1.3 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY
S. Andemariam
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1994年,随着民主和正义人民阵线作为厄立特里亚唯一的政党的成立,厄立特里亚政府宣布了一项大胆的新经济政策,以建立一个由私营部门领导的、面向出口的自由市场经济。这似乎明显背离了厄立特里亚政治精英先前的马克思列宁主义和对孤立主义、国家主导发展的承诺。然而,我们认为,这一新政策与一套更深层次的意识形态原则是一致的,而不是意识形态空虚的证据。这种意识形态为社会的政治精英赋予了卓越的角色,强调了几乎自给自足的经济独立,并通过群众动员和彻底的转变再现了激进的“高级”现代主义的特定变体。然而,与过去高度现代主义的发展意识形态相比,厄立特里亚的特殊政策组合是21世纪非洲许多国家(如卢旺达和埃塞俄比亚)可见的非自由主义现代化意识形态新模式的一部分。我们追溯厄立特里亚在长期的叛乱斗争中坚持国际自力更生和社会主导地位的历史,这些斗争导致建立了获得解放的厄立特里亚政府。这揭示了意识形态在理解国家和政策制定中是如何不可或缺的,以及特定的政治思想如何构成对厄立特里亚国家的关键决定性影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Modernisation in isolation: the nature and roots of Eritrea’s defining economic ideology
In 1994, with the establishment of the Popular Front for Democracy and Justice as Eritrea’s sole political party, the government of Eritrea proclaimed a bold new economic policy to create a private sector-led, export-oriented, free market economy. This appeared to be a marked departure from Eritrean political elites’ prior Marxist-Leninism and commitment to isolationist, state-led development. However, we argue that this new policy, rather than evidence of ideological vacuity, was consistent with a deeper set of ideological principles. This ideology assigns a pre-eminent role to the society's political elite, valorises almost autarkic economic independence, and reproduces a specific variant of radical ‘high’ modernism through mass mobilisation and root-and-branch transformation. However, in contrast to past high modernist development ideologies, Eritrea’s particular constellation of policies is part of a new pattern of illiberal modernisation ideology visible across a number of countries in 21st Century Africa, such as Rwanda and Ethiopia. We trace Eritrea’s history of adherence to international self-reliance and societal dominance through the long years of insurgent struggle that led to the establishment of the government of liberated Eritrea. This reveals how ideology is indispensable in understanding the state and policymaking and how particular political ideas constitute key defining influences on the Eritrean state.
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来源期刊
Critical African Studies
Critical African Studies Arts and Humanities-Arts and Humanities (all)
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: Critical African Studies seeks to return Africanist scholarship to the heart of theoretical innovation within each of its constituent disciplines, including Anthropology, Political Science, Sociology, History, Law and Economics. We offer authors a more flexible publishing platform than other journals, allowing them greater space to develop empirical discussions alongside theoretical and conceptual engagements. We aim to publish scholarly articles that offer both innovative empirical contributions, grounded in original fieldwork, and also innovative theoretical engagements. This speaks to our broader intention to promote the deployment of thorough empirical work for the purposes of sophisticated theoretical innovation. We invite contributions that meet the aims of the journal, including special issue proposals that offer fresh empirical and theoretical insights into African Studies debates.
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