被忽视的四倍体原始小麦(Triticum dicoccum、carthlicum和polonicum)的胁迫育种

Maysoun M. Saleh
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引用次数: 5

摘要

古小麦越来越被认为是有价值的基因资源,特别是在有机和保健食品市场,可以引入栽培品种。对象征着宝贵遗传资源的原始小麦进行更好的评价,可以为育种者提供生物和非生物抗逆性的重要资源。小麦(Triticum turgidum subsp。小麦是最古老的种植谷物之一,制作好的面包,纤维含量比普通小麦高,二粒小麦用于制作意大利面和面包,在生长季节完全不需要使用农药,生长在恶劣的环境和小土地上,具有抗Septroria叶斑病和抗俄罗斯小麦蚜虫和绿虫的能力。波斯小麦(小麦)草芥(Carthlicum)具有抗茎锈病、白粉病、分蘖多、产量好、耐低温、采前出芽、对真菌病有较强的抗性等优点。波兰小麦(Triticum turgidum subsp)Polonicum)品种多,籽粒蛋白质含量高(27%),可用于制作面包,是籽粒饱满的高产小麦品种的重要原料,可用于硬粒小麦和普通小麦的遗传生物强化。缺乏科学的研究和生产、销售设施,以及对新品种的重视被认为是限制这些物种扩大的因素。为了更好地适应气候变化和未来的粮食安全,强烈建议提高目标物种的利用和可持续利用,并在国家和国际层面加强科学家和研究人员之间的合作。本文综述了目标物种的分类、起源和分布、驯化、鉴定和保护、传统育种以及分子生物学、组织培养和突变在目标物种遗传变异开发中的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Stress breeding of neglected tetraploid primitive wheat (Triticum dicoccum, Triticum carthlicum and Triticum polonicum)
Ancient wheats are progressively more considered as valuable resources for genes of interest especially in organic and health food markets which could be introduced into cultivated varieties. Better evaluation of primitive wheats that symbolize a valuable genetic resource may provide breeders with important sources for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum) is one of the most ancient of cultivated cereals, makes good bread, higher in fiber than common wheat, emmer is used is for making pasta and bread, with no need at all to use pesticides during growing season, grow in severe environments and minor lands, resistance to Septroria leaf blotch and resistance to Russian wheat aphid and Green bug. Persian wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. carthlicum) described with many favorable characters, like being a good resistant species to stem rust and powdery mildew, plants have more tillers with good productivity, low temperature tolerant and pre-harvest budding and fairly resistant to fungus diseases. Polish wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. polonicum) were used for bread making as many forms having grains with high protein content (27%), and it is a great source for high yielding wheat varieties characterized by plump grain, and could be used in genetic bio-fortification of durum wheat and common wheat. Lack of scientific researches and facilities to produce and marketing, in addition to concentrating on new varieties are considered as limitation factors of expanding these species. For better adaptation to climate change and for future food security, it is highly recommended to improve utilization and sustainable use of targeted species and cooperation between scientists and researcher on the national and international levels. This review is an attempt to highlight the value of targeted species with general information about classification, origin and distribution, importance domestication, characterization and conservation, traditional breeding and role of each of molecular biology, tissue culture and mutation in exploiting genetic variation in targeted species.
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