The Use of Repair Strategies in the EFL University Classroom During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia, Algeria, and Iran

This research discusses the variations of repair strategies used by lecturers and students during the online learning process. The aim of the study is to compare repair strategy variations in online learning in the university classroom during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, Algeria and Iran. The research data are a series of utterances by lecturers and students in online classes, which were collected from video and audio recordings of three different university classroom sessions. The data collection was carried out using record and note techniques. The data were analyzed by applying the theories of Sacks et. al. (2015) & Learner (2004) to describe the variations of repair strategies in the EFL university classroom. The results show that four different variations of repair strategies were used by lecturers and students in EFL university classrooms in Indonesia, Algeria, and Iran: self-initiated self-repair, other-initiated self-repair, self-initiated other-repair, and other-initiated other-repair, with the exception of the EFL university classroom in Indonesia, where other-initiated other-repair was not used, and the most prominent variation was self-initiated self-repair.