Design and Synthesis of Circular Antenna Array for Low Side Lobe Level and High Directivity Using Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm

Circular antenna arrays are widely used in 5G, IoT, and beamforming applications of next-generation communications, however attaining the subsidiary lobes along with directivity is still a challenge. The array parameters could be estimated in real-time using a variety of standard approaches, but these methods would tends to lag in maintaining appropriate directivity and even a low side lobe level. To suppress the subsidiary lobe, achieve the required primary lobe direction, and enhance directivity, an optimization problem is applied in this study. Also with the circular antenna array problem, an artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA) is used to accurately determine the regulating parameters. Simulations are performed, and the outcomes are analyzed with those achieved using other accepted techniques. The results indicated that the artificial hummingbird technique significantly reduces side lobes while preserving acceptable directivity. In this work based on the dimensional analysis, it is also possible to achieve high directivity values alongside low side lobe levels using reduced antenna elements.