The ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus coagulans probiotics on Spirotetramat induced testicular toxicity based on biochemical and histological studies in male Wistar rats

Probiotics have been found as important elements against reproductive toxicity. So the use of probiotics has been increased day by day to combat with several disorders related to reproductive health. In current study, the potential role of probiotics including Lactobacillus casei (L 1 ) and Lactobacillus coagulans (L 2 ) has been demonstrated against a tetramic acid-derived pesticide Spirotetramat which has been found to cause variable toxicity at different levels in the life cycle of various organisms. For this study, five groups including a control group of male Wistar rats; were studied for toxicological evaluation. A daily dose of Spirotetramat for 28 days (667 mg/kg BW per day) was administrated along with probiotics L 1 and L 2 (1x107cfu/ml) in five groups according to protocol. Oxidative stress was estimated by calculating levels of different parameters including Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Lipid peroxidation (LPO), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) Catalase CAT, and Glutathione (GSH) soon after sacrifice. LPO was found to be increased with GSH, CAT, and GPx and with a significant decrease in SOD ( p <0.01) in pesticide-controlled rats as compared to untreated ones. After the treatment by L 1 and L 2 , a significant recovery ( p <0.05) was observed in toxicity parameters in relation to normal rats. The results also revealed that spirotetramat exposure caused significant reductions in sperm count, motility, and viability in male rats. However, treatment with L 1 and L 2 was found to mitigate these effects. Specifically, co-administration of Spirotetramat with L 1 and L 2 resulted in significant improvements in sperm count, motility, and viability in male Wistar rats.