“犬儒理性”时代的意识形态(斯拉沃伊Žižek作品中的意识形态解读)

IF 2.9 1区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS
I. Demin
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文致力于对斯洛文尼亚现代哲学家斯拉沃伊Žižek提出的意识形态概念进行批判性分析。作者揭示了Žižek理解意识形态现象的方法的可能性和局限性,并考虑了这种方法所基于的初始假设和方法论假设。文章表明,Žižek的理论虽然具有无可争议的独创性,但也并非没有矛盾,将意识形态解释为一种幻觉和神秘化,在马克思主义政治哲学的框架内是合理的,但在后结构主义方法论的语境中失去了基础。根据I.Demin的结论,Žižek的哲学和政治思想落入了Peter Sloterdijk所定义的“意识形态的相互追踪”的圈套。在这里,对意识形态的批判意味着从另一种意识形态的立场来批判一种意识形态,或者从“好”意识形态的立场来批判“坏”意识形态。“批判”的意识形态没有明确地表达出来,而是隐含地假设出来的。意识形态的“批评家”不愿意暴露自己的偏见,这一事实构成了意识形态批评策略的一个组成部分,而不是科学批评。意识形态作为构建社会现实的原则,在Žižek的解释中具有包罗万象的特征,因为它是人类所有行为和思想的基础。然而,如果没有办法将意识形态与科学知识分开,将意识形态、哲学和宗教区分开来,那么事实证明,意识形态既是一切,又是虚无。在这种解释下,“意识形态”成为社会和政治科学中不可操作的概念,因此毫无用处。同时,在发展适当的意识形态现象研究方法论策略的过程中,也可能需要Žižek提出的一些规定(关于意识形态“束缚”、关于意识形态话语中敌人形象的作用等),使其既远离“naïve”的客观主义学说,又远离政治上的反本质主义和反普遍主义的极端。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ideology in the Era of “Cynical Reason” (Interpretation of Ideology in Slavoj Žižek’s Works)
The article is devoted to the critical analysis of the concept of ideology developed by Slavoj Žižek, the modern Slovenian philosopher. The author reveals the possibilities and limitations of Žižek’s approach to understanding the phenomenon of ideology and considers the initial presumptions and methodological assumptions that this approach is based upon. The article shows that despite the indisputable originality, Žižek’s theory is not devoid of contradictions, and the interpretation of ideology as an illusion and mystification, which is justified within the framework of Marxist political philosophy, loses its foundations in the context of the post-structuralist methodology. According to I.Demin’s conclusion, Žižek’s philosophical and political thinking falls prey to the scheme that Peter Sloterdijk defined as “mutual tracking of ideologies”. Criticism of ideology here implies criticism of one ideo logy from the standpoint of another, or criticism of “bad” ideology from the standpoint of “good” ideology. The “criticizing” ideology is not clearly articulated, but implicitly assumed. The fact that the “critic” of ideology prefers not to reveal his own bias constitutes an integral part of the strategy of ideological criticism, as opposed to scientific criticism. Ideology as the principle that structures social reality obtains an allencompassing character in Žižek’s interpretation, since it underlies all human actions and human thinking. However, if there is no way to separate ideology from scientific knowledge, to distinguish between ideology, philosophy and religion, it turns out that ideology is everything and nothing at the same time. With this interpretation, “ideology” becomes an unoperationalizable concept for Social and Political Sciences, and therefore useless. At the same time, a number of the provisions formulated by Žižek (on ideological “fastening”, on the role of the enemy figure in the ideological discourse, etc.) may be in high demand in the course of developing an adequate methodological strate gy for studying the phenomenon of ideology, which distances itself from both “naïve” objectivist doctrines and the extremes of the political anti-essentialism and anti-universalism.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
5.60%
发文量
17
期刊介绍: The Journal of Political Philosophy is an international journal devoted to the study of theoretical issues arising out of moral, legal and political life. It welcomes, and hopes to foster, work cutting across a variety of disciplinary concerns, among them philosophy, sociology, history, economics and political science. The journal encourages new approaches, including (but not limited to): feminism; environmentalism; critical theory, post-modernism and analytical Marxism; social and public choice theory; law and economics, critical legal studies and critical race studies; and game theoretic, socio-biological and anthropological approaches to politics. It also welcomes work in the history of political thought which builds to a larger philosophical point and work in the philosophy of the social sciences and applied ethics with broader political implications. Featuring a distinguished editorial board from major centres of thought from around the globe, the journal draws equally upon the work of non-philosophers and philosophers and provides a forum of debate between disparate factions who usually keep to their own separate journals.
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