利用双重孔隙流动诊断技术快速筛选孔隙力学对裂缝性储层的影响

Lesly Gutierrez-Sosa, S. Geiger, F. Doster
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在油藏模拟研究和不确定性量化工作流程中考虑孔隙力学效应仍然有限,主要是因为它们的计算成本很高。我们引入了一种新的方法,将流体力学和孔隙力学与双重孔隙流动诊断相结合,分析孔隙力学如何影响天然裂缝性油藏的储层动力学,而不会显著增加计算开销。我们的新孔隙力学双孔隙度流动诊断考虑了压裂介质中的稳态和单相流动条件,而裂缝基质流体交换则使用基于物理的传输速率常数来近似,该常数使用自然吸胀或重力排水的解析解来模拟两相流动。系统的变形采用双孔隙-孔隙弹性理论来描述,该理论是基于混合理论和细观力学来计算岩石基质和裂缝的有效应力和应变。流体流动方程和岩石变形方程的解是顺序耦合的。流体流动控制方程采用两点通量近似的有限体积法进行离散,孔隙力学控制方程采用虚元法进行离散。耦合系统的解考虑了裂缝和基质的应力依赖性渗透率。我们的框架是在开源的MATLAB油藏模拟工具箱(MRST)中实现的。我们提出了一个案例研究,使用裂缝性碳酸盐岩油藏模拟来说明孔隙力学在双重孔隙流动诊断框架中的整合。扩展的流体诊断计算使我们能够快速筛选孔隙力学和流体流动之间复杂的相互作用如何影响裂缝性储层的动力学(例如储层连通性、波及效率、裂缝基质传输速率),其中孔隙压力和有效应力的变化会改变岩石物理性质,从而影响储层动力学。由于计算的稳态特性和有效的耦合策略,这些计算不会产生显著的计算开销。因此,它们为传统的油藏模拟和不确定性量化工作流程提供了有效的补充,因为它们使我们能够评估更大范围的油藏不确定性(例如地质、岩石物理和流体力学不确定性)。研究更大范围的不确定性的能力允许对大量油藏模型进行比较和排序,并选择单个候选模型进行更详细的全物理油藏模拟研究,而不会影响评估裂缝性油藏固有的不确定性范围。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Fast Screening Tool for Assessing the Impact of Poro-Mechanics on Fractured Reservoirs Using Dual-Porosity Flow Diagnostics
Accounting for poro-mechanical effects in full-field reservoir simulation studies and uncertainty quantification workflows is still limited, mainly because of their high computational cost. We introduce a new approach that couples hydrodynamics and poro-mechanics with dual-porosity flow diagnostics to analyse how poro-mechanics could impact reservoir dynamics in naturally fractured reservoirs without significantly increasing computational overhead. Our new poro-mechanical informed dual-porosity flow diagnostics account for steady-state and singlephase flow conditions in the fractured medium while the fracture-matrix fluid exchange is approximated using a physics-based transfer rate constant which models two-phase flow using an analytical solution for spontaneous imbibition or gravity drainage. The deformation of the system is described by the dualporosity poro-elastic theory, which is based on mixture theory and micromechanics to compute the effective stresses and strains of the rock matrix and fractures. The solutions to the fluid flow and rock deformation equations are coupled sequentially. The governing equations for fluid flow are discretised using a finite volume method with two-point flux-approximation while the governing equations for poro- mechanics are discretised using the virtual element method. The solution of the coupled system considers stress-dependent permeabilities for fractures and matrix. Our framework is implemented in the open source MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST). We present a case study using a fractured carbonate reservoir analogue to illustrate the integration of poro-mechanics within the dual-porosity flow diagnostics framework. The extended flow diagnostics calculations enable us to quickly screen how the dynamics in fractured reservoirs (e.g. reservoir connectivity, sweep efficiency, fracture-matrix transfer rates) are affected by the complex interactions between poro-mechanics and fluid flow where changes in pore pressure and effective stress modify petrophysical properties and hence impact reservoir dynamics. Due to the steady-state nature of the calculations and the effective coupling strategy, these calculations do not incur significant computational overheads. They hence provide an efficient complement to traditional reservoir simulation and uncertainty quantification workflows as they enable us to assess a broader range of reservoir uncertainties (e.g. geological, petrophysical and hydro-mechanical uncertainties). The capability of studying a much broader range of uncertainties allows the comparison and ranking from a large ensemble of reservoir models and select individual candidates for more detailed full-physics reservoir simulation studies without compromising on assessing the range of uncertainties inherent to fractured reservoirs.
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