机器人的权利吗?我们来谈谈人类的福利吧

A. Birhane, J. V. Dijk
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引用次数: 61

摘要

关于“机器人权利”的争论,以及与之相关的“机器人责任”问题,引发了人工智能伦理中一些最两极分化的立场。虽然一些人主张赋予机器人与人类同等的权利,但另一些人则坚决反对,认为机器人不应该享有权利,而是应该成为我们的奴隶。基于后笛卡尔的哲学基础,我们不仅要否认机器人的“权利”,而且要否认机器人作为从人类中产生并调解人类的人工制品,是一种可以被赋予权利的东西。一旦我们把机器人视为人类的调解人,我们就能理解“机器人权利”的辩论是如何集中在第一世界的问题上,而牺牲了紧迫的伦理问题,比如机器偏见,机器引发的人类劳动剥削,以及对隐私的侵蚀,这些都影响着社会上最弱势的个体。我们的结论是,如果人类是我们的出发点,人类的福利是主要关注的问题,那么机械系统产生的负面影响,以及设计、销售和部署这些机器的人缺乏责任,仍然是人工智能领域最紧迫的伦理讨论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Robot Rights?: Let's Talk about Human Welfare Instead
The 'robot rights' debate, and its related question of 'robot responsibility', invokes some of the most polarized positions in AI ethics. While some advocate for granting robots rights on a par with human beings, others, in a stark opposition argue that robots are not deserving of rights but are objects that should be our slaves. Grounded in post-Cartesian philosophical foundations, we argue not just to deny robots 'rights', but to deny that robots, as artifacts emerging out of and mediating human being, are the kinds of things that could be granted rights in the first place. Once we see robots as mediators of human being, we can understand how the 'robots rights' debate is focused on first world problems, at the expense of urgent ethical concerns, such as machine bias, machine elicited human labour exploitation, and erosion of privacy all impacting society's least privileged individuals. We conclude that, if human being is our starting point and human welfare is the primary concern, the negative impacts emerging from machinic systems, as well as the lack of taking responsibility by people designing, selling and deploying such machines, remains the most pressing ethical discussion in AI.
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