火星科学实验室的进入、下降和着陆触发器

D. Kipp, M. San Martín, J. Essmiller, D. Way
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引用次数: 16

摘要

2010年,计划要求火星科学实验室(MSL)任务通过向火星表面发射迄今为止最大、能力最强的探测车,开创下一代机器人进入、下降和着陆(EDL)系统。改进的高度性能,加上距离赤道45度的纬度限制,以及距离地面目标10公里以内的精确投递,将使科学界能够从数千个科学上有趣的、以前无法进入的地点中选择MSL的着陆点。实现这些令人印象深刻的性能指标需要正确执行时间关键型飞行系统重构事件的复杂序列。这一过程大约在着陆前15分钟开始,包括巡航级分离、巡航平衡质量抛射、进入平衡质量抛射、降落伞展开、隔热层分离、后壳分离、探测车分离和起飞。这些事件中的每一个都必须在一个狭窄的操作范围内发生,并且必须基于对航天器状态的估计自主触发。触发器要么是“定时的”,即航天器状态估计依赖于飞行前预测,要么是“感测的”,即利用机载传感器套件的数据实时构建航天器状态估计。无论采用何种方法,所有触发器都必须在火星风、大气特性和表面地形存在潜在显著变化的情况下正确执行。仔细的预算是必要的,以管理不确定性和对EDL性能的影响。本文讨论了在EDL序列中控制事件执行的触发算法的设计,并强调了MSL设计团队面临的一些相关挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing Triggers
In 2010, plans call for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission to pioneer the next generation of robotic entry, descent, and landing (EDL) systems by delivering the largest and most capable rover to date to the surface of Mars. Improved altitude performance, coupled with latitude limits as large as 45 degrees off the equator and a precise delivery to within 10 km of a surface target, will allow the science community to select the MSL landing site from thousands of scientifically interesting and previously inaccessible locations. Realizing these impressive performance metrics requires proper execution of a complex sequence of time-critical flight system reconfiguration events. This sequence, which begins approximately 15 minutes prior to touchdown, includes cruise stage separation, cruise balance mass jettison, entry balance mass jettison, parachute deployment, heatshield separation, backshell separation, rover separation, and flyaway start. Each of these events must occur within a narrow operational envelope and must be triggered autonomously based on estimates of the spacecraft state. Triggers are either 'timed', whereby the spacecraft state estimate is reliant upon pre-flight predictions, or 'sensed', whereby the spacecraft state estimates are constructed in real-time using data from the on-board sensor suite. Regardless of method, all triggers must execute properly in the presence of potentially significant variability in Martian winds, atmospheric properties, and surface topography. Careful budgeting is necessary to manage uncertainties and impacts on EDL performance. This paper discusses the design of trigger algorithms that control event execution during the EDL sequence and highlights some of the related challenges faced by the MSL design team.
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