Simulation of personal evacuation in smoke scenario

In order to address the problem that people are greatly affected by real ̄time dynamic changes of smoke diffusion during evacuationꎬ an improved cellular automaton model is developed to simulate personnel evacuation in smoke scenario. Firstlyꎬ change rules for evacuees ' sight radius were proposed based on a dynamic parameter model to describe influence of smoke environment changes on their behaviorsꎬ and meanwhile movement rules of regional herd behaviors were established. Thenꎬ numerical simulation research on evacuation process in scenarios of single and double exits were conducted by using the model. Finallyꎬ impacts of visual field changesꎬ herd behaviors and width of exits on evacuation in smoke scene were analyzed. The results show that herd behaviors have uncertainty on evacuation in some casesꎬ and presence of guides can greatly improve evacuation efficiency. Changes of visual field have an impact on evacuation timeꎬ which is greater when number of evacuees is smaller. Increasing exit width can improve evacuation efficiencyꎬ but improvement is not obvious when the width reaches certain degree.