HIV and HCV infection status and related risk factors in drug users at the Sino-Vietnamese border in Guangxi, 2012 — 2019

Objective To understand the prevalence rates and the related risk factors of HIV, HCV and HIV/HCV coinfection in drug users in the Sino-Vietnamese border areas of Guangxi, and we provide reference for high-risk intervention in this population. Methods From April to June every year from 2012 to 2019, a questionnaire developed by the state was used to carry out continuous cross-sectional surveys on the post surveillance sites in Guangxi border areas, community drug addicts and morphine urine test positive persons in methadone clinics in the past month, and blood samples were taken from them for the detections of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies. Results A total of 12 842 drug users were monitored from 2012 to 2019. The overall positive rates of HIV, HCV and HIV/HCV co-infection were 3.84%, 43.34% and 3.14%, respectively. HIV, HCV and HIV/HCV co-infection rates showed an decrease trend year by year. The prevalence differed in drug users with different demographic characteristics. Logistic regression analysis showed that HIV infection related risk factors included being female, primary education and injecting drug use. HCV infection related risk factors included 20 years old or more, divorced or widowed, minorities other than Han and Zhuang, being traditional drug user or mixed drug user, and injecting drug use. HIV/HCV co-infection related risk factors included being female, primary education and injecting drug use. Conclusion The HIV infection rate and HCV antibody positive rate in drug users in border areas of Guangxi were relatively high, and the infection rate of HIV/HCV combined infection were low. The use of novel type drugs was in increase. Targeted effective interventions should be conducted in female and older drug users as well as drug users having a history of injection drug use. 摘要:目的 了解广西中越边境地区吸毒人群中HIV、丙肝病毒(HCV)及HIV/HCV合并感染情况及其影响因素, 为在该人群中开展髙危行为干预提供参考依据。 方法 2012—2019年间每年4一6月, 采用国家统一制定的问卷对广 西中越边境哨点监管场所、社区和美沙酮门诊最近1个月吗啡尿检阳性者开展连续横断面调査, 并采集调査对象血液 标本进行HIV和HCV抗体检测。 结果 2012—2019年共监测12 842名毒品使用者。HIV感染率为3.84%, HCV抗体 阳性率为43.34%, HIV/HCV合并感染率为3.14%。HIV、HCV及HIV/HCV合并感染率整体上呈逐年下降的趋势。不同 行为特征的吸毒人群感染情况不同。Logistic回归分析显示, 女性、小学学历、有注射吸毒史是感染HIV的危险因素。年龄>20岁、离异或丧偶、除汉族和壮族外的其他少数民族、传统毒品和混合毒品使用者、有注射毒品史是感染HCV的 危险因素。而女性、小学文化、有注射毒品史是HIV/HCV合并感染的危险因素。 结论 广西边境吸毒人群整体HIV感 染率和HCV抗体阳性率较髙, HIV/HCV合并感染率较低, 新型毒品使用者比例呈上升趋势。提示需针对女性、髙年龄 组及有注射吸毒史的吸毒人群开展有效干预措施。