普希金诗歌中属性的分布与斯金纳的假设

IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
Sergey N. Andreev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文旨在检验斯金纳关于语篇中语言单位分布的假设。根据这一假设,相似语言单位之间的距离应该小于不同语言单位之间的距离。在更一般的形式下,人们可以提出一个问题,即文本中相同单位之间的距离长度是否有任何规律性。本研究采用的单位是在相当抽象的层次上区分的-不同类型的属性。属性类型的方案是基于词的词性特征来代替属性的句法位置。定语是描述艺术世界的一个极其重要的组成部分,同时也是句子结构中可选的句法成分,不受谓语位置动词的配价所决定。这使得作者可以根据自己的喜好和风格特征来使用属性,这使得属性成为描述个人风格的一种非常成功的手段。属性类型之间的距离由所有属性按其在文本中出现的顺序组成的链中从一个属性到另一个相同属性的步数决定。本文还考虑了在相同类型的属性之间的距离交替中识别模式的可能性。研究材料是亚历山大·普希金的六首诗,用抑扬格四步格写成。这些诗歌与这位杰出的诗人在俄罗斯文学和俄语发展中的地位有着特别重要的联系。这些诗分别是:《鲁斯兰和柳德米拉》、《高加索的囚徒》、《巴赫奇萨雷的喷泉》、《努林伯爵》、《波尔塔瓦》和《青铜骑士》。本研究采用大量统计方法(Busemann系数、卡方等)对大量文本进行定量分析。通过分析,获得了同类型属性相互吸引程度的数据,确定了描述的结构有序程度。指数函数的使用在拟合相同属性之间的距离分布方面非常成功。研究发现,在每首诗中,对于相同的属性,不仅短距离优于长距离,而且这些距离的分布也有一定的趋势,这种趋势被指数函数很好地捕捉到了。作为分析的结果,斯金纳的假设得到了证实。这表现在这样一个事实中,即通过同一类型的属性之间的距离来判断,在保持形式重复直到刺激消退时,有一种隐藏的趋向于有序的趋势。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The distribution of attributes in poems by Alexander Pushkin and Skinner’s hypothesis
The article aims to test Skinner’s hypothesis regarding the distribution of linguistic units in the text. In accordance with this hypothesis, the distances between similar linguistic units should be less than between different units. In a more general form, one can raise the question of whether there is any regularity in the length of distances between identical units in the text. The units taken for this study are distinguished at a rather abstract level – different types of attributes. The scheme of attribute types is based on the part-of-speech characteristics of words that replace the syntactic position of the attribute. Attributes, constituting an extremely important component of the description of the artistic world, at the same time are an optional syntactic element in the sentence structure and are not determined by the valency of verbs in the predicative position. This allows the author to use attributes based on one’s preferences and the characteristics of the author’s style, which makes attributes an extremely successful means of describing an individual style. Distances between attribute types are determined by the number of steps from one attribute to another identical attribute in the chain formed by all attributes in the order in which they appear in the text. The article also considers the possibility of identifying patterns in the alternation of distances between attributes of the same type. The research material is six poems by Alexander Pushkin, written in iambic tetrameter. These poems are especially significant in connection with the place of the brilliant poet in the development of Russian literature and the Russian language. The poems are: “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, “The Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “The Fountain of Bakhchisaray”, “Count Nulin”, “Poltava” and “The Bronze Horseman”. The study was carried out by quantitative analysis of large volumes of text using a number of statistical measures (Busemann’s coefficient, chi-square, etc.). As a result of the analysis, data were obtained on the degree of attraction of the same type of attributes to each other, and the degree of structural ordering of the description was determined. The use of the exponential function was very successful in fitting the distribution of distances between identical attributes. It was found that within each poem there is not only a predominance of short distances over large distances for identical attributes, but also a certain trend in the distribution of these distances, which is well caught by the exponential function. As a result of the analysis, Skinner’s hypothesis was confirmed. This is expressed in the fact that in judging by the distances between attributes of the same type there is a hidden tendency towards order in preserving formal repetition until the fading of the stimulus.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
50.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: Tomsk State University Journal of Philology was established with the aim of: - publishing the papers and reviews on the topical issues of modern philology: linguistics, literary studies, communication studies; - promoting the development of theoretical and practical research in the field of socio-humanitarian knowledge; - forging links among scholars from different regions of Russia and other countries. Tomsk State University Journal of Philology is an independent research journal that welcomes submissions from across the world.
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