Effects of mesoscale turbulence on the wind-driven circulation in a closed basin with topography

This paper studies the effects of time-dependent, mesoscale turbulence on the wind-driven ocean circulation in a closed basin with variable topography. Numerical simulations of a single-layer fluid with finite topography at the sloping boundaries are performed. The flow is forced by a suitable combination of a steady, basin-scale wind that generates the classical western-intensified anticyclonic gyre, plus a shorter, time-dependent forcing that injects energy at a narrow range of scales. Two contrasting situations are considered. First, in the absence of the large-scale forcing, the turbulence generates a cyclonic flow that follows the geostrophic contours around the basin. Second, the resulting mean circulation is studied when the large and small-scale forcing terms are considered together. In particular, it is discussed that the alteration of the anticyclonic gyre may be due to the turbulent-induced cyclonic circulation.