Altered Tubulin and Neurofilament Expression and Impaired Axonal Growth in Diabetic Nerve Regeneration

Cytoskeletal protein expression in sensory neurons and sciatic nerve axonal growth were examined in type 1 diabetic BB/Wor rats after sciatic nerve crush injury. Diabetic male rats were subjected to sciatic nerve crush at 6 wk of diabetes. L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) mRNA expression of low and medium molecular weight neurofilaments (NF-L, NF-M), βII- and βIII-tubulin as well as protein expression of NF-L, NF-M, and β-tubulin were examined at various time points following crush injury and compared with age- and sex-matched non-diabetic BB/Wor rats. Steady state mRNA expression of NF-L, NF-M, βII- and βIII-tubulin were decreased in diabetic DRG. NF-L and NF-M proteins were also decreased in DRG of uncrushed diabetic animals. After crush injury, βII- and βIII-tubulin mRNA were upregulated in control animals at day 2 and day 6, respectively, and β-tubulin protein showed similarly increased expression after crush injury, while such upregulations did not occur in diabetic animals. Conversely, mRNA and protein expressions of NF-L, NF-M were downregulated to a lesser extent in diabetic animals compared to control rats. These changes were associated with impaired axonal elongation and caliber growth of regenerating fibers in diabetic rats. We propose that upregulation of tubulin has a negative feedback on NF expression in response to nerve injury, as seen in control rats. The absence of this upregulation in diabetic animals may impair its regulatory effect on NF expression and contribute to perturbed nerve regeneration seen in diabetic nerve.