Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and Prevalence Pattern of Gram Negative Pathogens in Tertiary Care Hospital

Background and Objective: Large amounts of antibiotics consumed by the human population have resulted in the culmination of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple drugs. The resistance profile of pathogens differ from one geographical location to another and keeps on changing continuously. Methods: A retrospective observational analysis of antibiogram data was performed to characterize the susceptibility pattern of different pathogen isolates from various clinical sources. A total of 213 clinical isolates identified from the period June 2015 to June 2016 were included in the study. Results: Of the 213 Gram-negative isolates, 36.6% were from urine, 23.9% from respiratory specimens, 11.74% from blood, 10.33% from pus whereas 17.37% were from other sources. E. coli (42.25%) was most predominant pathogen isolated followed by K. pnuemoniae. (25.35%) and Pseudomonas spp. (15.96%) while other Gram-negative pathogens contributed 16.4%.  Antibiogram analysis has shown CSE-1034 as the most susceptible drug exhibiting 91.1%, 77.8%, 82.4% and 82.3% susceptibility against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. Among carbapenems, both meropenem and imipenem-Cilastin were most effective against E. coli. Meropenem was least effective against K. pneumoniae (50%) and imipenem against P. aeruginosa (32.35%). Like imipenem, Piperacillin-Tazobactam was highest effective against E. coli (20%) and lowest against P. aeruginosa (26.47%). Conclusion: Susceptibility profile indicates CSE-1034 (a novel antibiotic resistance breaker) as the most effective drug among all the classes of antibiotics against the Gram-negative pathogens. A high resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam and penems, advocates use of CSE-1034 as empiric drug of choice in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases where the pathogen isolates are suspected resistant towards β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations.