无机化合物的非常规粘土控制替代品,可以防止膨胀,减少欠平衡钻井中的摩擦

M. Altammar, Tariq Almubarak, Hicham El-Hajj, W. Suzart, Ibrahim Al-Hulail
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引用次数: 2

摘要

该公司在中东和北非(MENA)地区引入了一种非常规的粘土控制替代品,在该地区共成功完成了29口井。本文介绍了一种均匀的动态粘土稳定剂,它使粘土对淡水不敏感,防止膨胀和运移,同时保持地层/流体性质不变。地层损害和钻井困难通常与粘土问题有关。在任何钻井作业中,粘土控制添加剂都是至关重要的,特别是在沙特阿拉伯的气井中,钻井活动使用欠平衡连续油管钻井(UBCTD)。UBCTD优化了这种动态替代方案,并实现了多个目标。UBCTD的主要目标是通过回排减少淡水与地层的接触时间;然而,由于磨损,更换底部钻具组合(BHA)会中断循环和生产,并增加淡水与地层的接触,这可能导致近井区域的粘土膨胀,从而造成损害。事实证明,即使在较高的钻速下,这种新型流体系统也能提供更好的保护。此外,无机化合物的质量和不一致性可能导致设备上的沉积,并在钻井时回排时影响UBCTD在生产/处理系统中的仪器性能。使用这种处理方法可以避免这些问题,并且可以降低与设备租赁相关的成本。此外,浓度可以根据需要根据地层动态改变。这种粘土稳定液有助于控制粘土膨胀、细粒运移,并在接触淡水基流体体系时降低静水压力和摩擦压力。它从根本上附着在粘土矿物表面,阻止离子交换,从而提供孔喉保护,阻止对地层基质的破坏。在欠平衡钻井项目中,每口井/项目都有两到三个低渗透水平段。与常用的无机基粘土和页岩稳定剂相比,该稳定剂已成功应用于9个试点项目,取得了优异的效果,具有明显的优势。由于摩擦压力低,残留沉积物少,该技术可以提高井下马达和钻头的效率。与其他无机化合物处理相比,不需要额外的设备和人力。此外,它减少了混合时间(实时),并且添加浓度较低,这有助于减少物流挑战,使处理更高效,成本更低,占地面积更小。原始渗透率不受加入该流体体系的影响,并且提供了永久的粘土稳定。数据与相邻井/候选井进行了交叉核对,这些井使用了常规的粘土保护措施,如无机化合物。伽马射线测井、钻速(ROP)、产能指数(PI)和相关深度也被给出。使用该流体的井在水平段和裸眼段均表现出良好的保护效果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Unconventional Clay Control Alternative to Inorganic Compounds that Can Prevent Swelling and Reduce Friction in Underbalanced Drilling
An unconventional clay-control substitute was introduced in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where a total of twenty-nine wells have been completed successfully. This paper presents a homogenous, on-the-fly clay stabilizer, which renders clay insensitive to fresh water, preventing swelling and migration while leaving formation/fluid properties unchanged. Formation damage and drilling difficulties are very commonly associated with clay problems. Clay-control additives are crucial in any drilling operation, particularly in Saudi Arabian gas wells where drilling activities use underbalanced coiled tubing drilling (UBCTD). UBCTD optimizes this on-the-fly alternative and achieves multiple objectives. The primary objective of UBCTD is to minimize fresh water contact time with the formation through flowing back; however, having to change the bottom hole assembly (BHA) because of wear halts circulation and production and increases fresh water contact with the formation, which could lead to clay swelling in the near wellbore area and result in damage. This new fluid system has proven to provide superior protection even at higher rates of penetration. In addition, inorganic compound quality and inconsistency could lead to deposits on equipment and affect instrumentation performance with UBCTD at the production/treatment systems when flowing back while drilling. These issues can be avoided with this treatment, and the costs associated with equipment rental can be reduced. Additionally, concentrations can be changed on-the-fly as needed depending on the formation. This clay stabilization fluid helps control clay swelling, fines migration, and decreases hydrostatic pressure and friction pressure when exposed to a freshwater-based fluid system. It fundamentally adheres to the clay mineral surface and prevents ion exchange, therefore providing pore throat protection and deterring damage to the formation matrix. The treatment was used during underbalanced drilling projects where each well/project had two to three laterals of low permeability. It was successfully used in nine pilot projects with excellent results, awarding distinctive advantages compared to typically used inorganic-based clay and shale stabilizers This development could increase the efficiency of downhole motors and drill bits as a result of low friction pressure and minimal deposits left behind. No additional equipment or manpower is necessary compared to other inorganic compound treatments. In addition, it reduces mixing time (on-the-fly) and is added at a lower concentration, which helps reduce logistical challenges and makes the treatment more efficient at a lower cost and with a reduced footprint. Original permeability is not affected by the addition of this fluid system, and permanent clay stabilization is provided. Data are presented and cross-checked with adjacent wells/candidates that used conventional clay protection such as inorganic compounds. Gamma-ray logs, the rate of penetration (ROP), productivity index (PI), and associated depth are also presented. Wells drilled with this fluid exhibited excellent protection throughout laterals and open-hole sections.
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