抗蛇行减振器布置方式对机车横向动力学性能影响: Pareto优化和参数分析

High-speed locomotives are prone to carbody or bogie hunting when the wheel-rail contact conicity is excessively low or high. This can cause negative impacts on vehicle dynamics performance. This study presents four types of typical yaw damper layouts for a high-speed locomotive (Bo-Bo) and compares, by using the multi-objective optimization method, the influences of those layouts on the lateral dynamics performance of the locomotive; the linear stability indexes under low-conicity and high-conicity conditions are selected as optimization objectives. Furthermore, the radial basis function-based high-dimensional model representation (RBF-HDMR) method is used to conduct a global sensitivity analysis (GSA) between key suspension parameters and the lateral dynamics performance of the locomotive, including the lateral ride comfort on straight tracks under the low-conicity condition, and also the operational safety on curved tracks. It is concluded that the layout of yaw dampers has a considerable impact on low-conicity stability and lateral ride comfort but has little influence on curving performance. There is also an important finding that only when the locomotive adopts the layout with opening outward, the difference in lateral ride comfort between the front and rear ends of the carbody can be eliminated by adjusting the lateral installation angle of the yaw dampers. Finally, force analysis and modal analysis methods are adopted to explain the influence mechanism of yaw damper layouts on the lateral stability and differences in lateral ride comfort between the front and rear ends of the carbody. 目 的 以中国某型 Bo-Bo 高速机车为研究对象, 分析四种典型的抗蛇行减振器布置方式及横向安装角对机车横向动力学性能和参数匹配关系的影响, 并解释其作用机理. 创新点 1. 通过多目标优化方法来同时优化机车低锥度和高锥度横向稳定性, 获得四种抗蛇行减振器布置方式下机车最优横向动力学性能及横向安装角的不同选取原则; 2. 当抗蛇行减振器横向安装角存在时, 引入抗蛇行减振器附加作用力和作用力矩, 结合车体横向和摇头模态相位差来解释抗蛇行减振器布置方式对机车蛇行稳定性和车体前后横向平稳性差异的影响机理. 方 法 1. 基于搭建的 MATLAB/SIMPACK 联合仿真平台, 采用多目标优化方法得到机车最优横向动力学性能及对应悬挂参数分布结果 (图 4 和 5); 2. 通过拉丁超立方采样对机车直线运行性能和曲线通过性能评价指标进行蒙特卡洛仿真, 并采用基于径向基函数的高维模型表示的敏感性分析方法对关键悬挂参数进行全局敏感性分析 (图 6); 3. 采用根轨迹法分析不同抗蛇行减振器布置方式下横向安装角对机车蛇行稳定性影响规律, 并提取蛇行模态中对应的车体横移和摇头模态相位差 (图 8 和 9). 结 论 1. 抗蛇行减振器的布置方式对机车横向稳定性和平稳性具有显著影响, 且不同布置方式下横向安装角的选取原则存在差异. 2. 全局敏感性分析结果显示: 机车曲线通过性能对抗蛇行减振器阻尼和一系横向刚度的敏感性较强, 但对抗蛇行减振器横向安装角的敏感性较弱. 3. 机车采用抗蛇行减振器开口向外布置时, 优化横向安装角可以减小车体前后端横向平稳性差异, 而机车采用其他三种抗蛇行减振器布置方式时没有这个特点.