Efficacy of Avena Sativa on Regulating Some Biochemical Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Male Albino Rats

Background: Avena sativa has been recognized as a healthy and nutritious cereal, containing a high concentration of dietary fiber and dense nutrients. Many scientific research studies linked oats as a healthy diet in the fight against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective(s): This study aims to assess the proximate analysis of Avena Sativa (oats) cultivated in Egypt to evaluate its main nutrient content, and study its effect on blood glucose homeostasis, lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Proximate analysis was measured in oats using standard methods. A total of fifty rats grouped into 10 control rats and four groups of 40 diabetic rats were included in the study. The four diabetic groups were classified into the diabetic control group, and the three experimental groups one of them treated with 200 mg/kg Metformin, the other fed on oat grains only as the main diet and the last one fed on oat grains and treated with metformin. Results : Oats are rich in dietary fibers, fat, and protein (9.3, 8.75, and 14.12% respectively). Treatment with metformin and oats showed an improvement in blood glucose homeostasis including FBG, insulin, and HOMA-IR (127, 12.44, and 3.92 respectively). Lipid profile showed a statistical change among all studied groups. The lowest decrease in lipid profile (LDL and TC) was in the combined group (79.56 and 151.4 respectively). Conclusion: Chemical analysis of oats revealed that it’s a good source of the main nutrients, containing protein and fibers compared to standard pellets. In addition, it has a promoting healthy effect on blood levels of fast glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA- IR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Oats revealed a modulatory curative effect on the diseased and pancreatic tissues.