德米霍夫现象。在Sklifosovsky研究所(1960-1986)。苏联和国外解决器官和组织移植问题的途径(1967年)

S. Glyantsev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对第二次全苏组织不相容、组织器官保存和移植问题会议(敖德萨,1967)材料的分析表明,苏联和外国科学家在解决器官和组织移植问题上的方法相似。苏联科学家谈到了通过植物杂交和动物嵌合来克服组织不相容性,谈到了药物睡眠对移植免疫的影响,谈到了神经体液免疫变化以及中枢和周围神经系统在移植物移植中的作用,谈到了外部因素对免疫的影响。他们还讨论了移植物抗原性结构的特征、DNA在免疫中的作用、同种材料的遗传转化、抑制免疫发生的药理作用、自体和同种器官和组织的冷冻保存及其血管床灌注,以及免疫发生在分子水平上的研究。一年前,美国人讨论了免疫麻痹、供者输血及其成分对受者免疫力的影响,以及免疫的生化研究。与此同时,在没有任何伦理疑虑的情况下,美国科学家进行了实验,包括临床实验,对同性恋者的皮肤进行了多次移植,对新生儿进行了换血,随后将同性恋者的血液移植给他们,并对接受者进行了大剂量的x射线照射。结果表明,德米霍夫副总统提出的大多数趋势都得到了第二次全联盟会议的批准。但他缺少的是与形态学家、生理学家、免疫学家、生化学家、药理学家以及临床外科医生紧密而全面的结合。根据所进行的研究,可以得出一个明确的结论:苏联科学家不应该批评德米霍夫副总统对免疫学的“误解”,而是应该尽一切可能帮助他,把他的精力引向正确的方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. In the Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). Approaches to solving the problem of organ and tissue transplantation in the USSR and abroad (1967)
Analysis of the materials of the 2nd All-Union conference on the problem of tissue incompatibility, conservation and transplantation of tissues and organs (Odessa, 1967) showed that Soviet and foreign scientists had similar approaches to solving the problem of organ and tissue transplantation. Soviet scientists spoke about overcoming tissue incompatibility by hybridization of plants and chimerization of animals, about the effect of drug sleep on transplant immunity, about neurohumoral immunological shifts and the role of the central and peripheral nervous systems in the engraftment of grafts, about the influence of external factors on immunity. They also discussed the characterization of the antigenic structure of grafts, the role of DNA in immunity, the genetic transformation of homomaterial, the use of pharmacological agents to suppress immunogenesis, the cryopreservation of auto- and homo-organs and tissues with perfusion of their vascular bed, and the study of immunogenesis at the molecular level. A year earlier, the Americans discussed immunological paralysis, the effect on the recipient's immunity of the donor's blood transfused to him and its components, and biochemical studies of immunity. At the same time, without any ethical doubts, American scientists conducted experiments, including clinical ones, with multiple passages of homosexual skin, with exchange transfusion of blood to newborns and subsequent transplantation of homosexual donors to them, with irradiation of recipients with powerful doses of X-rays. It is shown that most of the trends that had been developed by V.P. Demikhov, were approved by the 2nd All-Union Conference. But what he lacked was close and comprehensive integration with morphologists, physiologists, immunologists, biochemists, pharmacologists and, sadly, with clinical surgeons. Based on the research conducted, an unambiguous conclusion can be drawn: Soviet scientists should not have criticized V.P. Demikhov for his "misunderstanding" of immunology, and to help him in every possible way, directing his energy in the right direction.
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