如何打破API:三个软件生态系统中的成本谈判和社区价值

C. Bogart, Christian Kästner, J. Herbsleb, Ferdian Thung
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引用次数: 179

摘要

变更将冲突引入软件生态系统:破坏性的变更可能会在整个生态系统中产生涟漪,并触发软件包用户的返工,但是开发人员通常可以投入额外的努力或接受机会成本来减轻或延迟下游成本。我们对三个软件生态系统(Eclipse、R/CRAN和Node.js/npm)进行了多个案例研究,这些生态系统使用了不同的工具和变更哲学,以了解开发人员如何对变更和与变更相关的成本做出决策,以及使用了哪些实践、工具和策略。我们发现,这三个生态系统在实践和对变化的期望方面存在很大差异,这些差异在很大程度上可以用每个生态系统中不同的群落价值来解释。我们的研究结果表明,在如何构建生态系统、政策和配套基础设施方面存在很大的设计空间;为了解决冲突和协商与变化相关的成本,使社区价值和可接受的权衡明确透明是有价值的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
How to break an API: cost negotiation and community values in three software ecosystems
Change introduces conflict into software ecosystems: breaking changes may ripple through the ecosystem and trigger rework for users of a package, but often developers can invest additional effort or accept opportunity costs to alleviate or delay downstream costs. We performed a multiple case study of three software ecosystems with different tooling and philosophies toward change, Eclipse, R/CRAN, and Node.js/npm, to understand how developers make decisions about change and change-related costs and what practices, tooling, and policies are used. We found that all three ecosystems differ substantially in their practices and expectations toward change and that those differences can be explained largely by different community values in each ecosystem. Our results illustrate that there is a large design space in how to build an ecosystem, its policies and its supporting infrastructure; and there is value in making community values and accepted tradeoffs explicit and transparent in order to resolve conflicts and negotiate change-related costs.
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