问卷设计:好的,坏的和陷阱

Denise Thwaites Bee, D. Murdoch-Eaton
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引用次数: 26

摘要

你有一个问题,或者想要了解当前对某个主题的看法,而全面的文献检索并不能给出答案。问卷或调查,如果设计和管理得当,可以是一个简单和有效的方式来收集数据。然而,一个设计良好的工具对于提供有意义的答案至关重要。关于良好问卷设计的指导是可用的。这可以分为三个简单的步骤:准备-评估-交付。分析和解释是完成研究的最后阶段。调查方法是回答这个问题最合适的研究工具吗?调查问卷对调查民众的意见或态度很有用。如果选择问卷作为研究工具,下一步是确定是否已经存在有效的工具。如果需要设计一个工具,什么格式在回答查询时最有价值;是结构化面试还是自行填写的书面表格?后者可以收集到大量丰富的数据,而前者通过半结构化的提问提供了更深层次的理解。3 .自填问卷需要精心构建,目的明确。它们的成功很大程度上取决于格式和措辞;使用一个有吸引力的,易于浏览的演示文稿,并确保长度尽可能短。考虑是否包括开放式或封闭式问题,或两者结合。问题应该只包含一个点,写得明确,用短句表达。措辞应该适合你的调查对象,避免术语,以减少潜在的混淆。封闭式问题可以提供大量易于处理的(通常是数字)数据。开放式问题,比如免费的……
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Questionnaire design: the good, the bad and the pitfalls
You have a question, or want to find out current perceptions about a subject, and a comprehensive literature search does not give the answer. A questionnaire or survey, if appropriately designed and administered, can be an easy and efficient way to collect data. However, a well-designed tool is essential to provide meaningful answers. Guidance on good questionnaire design is available.1–4 This can be framed around three simple steps: preparation—evaluation—delivery. Analysis and interpretation are the final stages of completing the research. Is a survey method the most appropriate research tool to answer the question? Questionnaires are useful to investigate opinions or attitudes of a population. If a questionnaire is chosen as the research tool, the next step is to identify whether a validated instrument already exists. If a tool needs to be designed, what format would be of greatest value in answering the enquiry; a structured interview or a self-completed written form? The latter can gather a large amount of rich data, while the former provides a deeper understanding through semistructured questioning.3 Self-completed questionnaires require careful construction with clear articulation of purpose. Their success depends strongly on format as well as the wording; use an attractive, easy to navigate presentation and ensure the length is kept as short as possible. Consider whether to include open or closed questions, or a combination of both. Questions should only include a single point, written unambiguously and contained within short sentences. Wording should be appropriate for your survey population and avoid jargon to reduce potential confusion. Closed questions can provide large amounts of easily handled (often numerical) data. Open questions, as in free …
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