南美洲海岸的传统捕鲸活动。特征、转换和连续性

IF 0.5 4区 历史学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY
Daniel Quiroz
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引用次数: 1

摘要

历史学家将商业捕鲸分为两大类,其中包括具体的技术制度:传统捕鲸和现代捕鲸。传统捕鲸的特点是使用船只、敞篷船、手工鱼叉和长矛,而现代捕鲸者则在船头安装了爆炸性的鱼叉枪。在传统的捕鲸业中,“巴斯克”和“洋基”这两个品种在不同时期来到南美洲,它们是根据当地沿海社区已有的知识和做法进行的。外国捕鲸者的存在使人们有可能解释巴西、智利和秘鲁当地捕鲸活动的出现,这些活动成功地将来访团体的技术、社会和生产因素与他们自己的因素结合在一起,形成了一系列复杂的转变和连续性,构成了“当地捕鲸传统”。传统的大西洋和太平洋捕鲸活动在技术上有许多相似之处,但在组织上有一些不同,特别是在私人主动行动的相关性和国家的作用方面。事实证明,捕鲸活动是全球企业的一部分,在不久的将来,了解这些联系是至关重要的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Operaciones balleneras tradicionales en las costas sudamericanas. Características, transformaciones y continuidades
Historians distinguish two major categories in commercial whaling, with a technological regime specific: traditional and modern whaling. The use of vessels, open boats, manual harpoons and spears defines traditional whaling, and modern whaling by the presence of whale catchers armed with an explosive harpoon gun mounted on its bow. In traditional whaling, two varieties, “Basque” and “Yankee”, which come in South America at different times, operates on pre-existing knowledge and practices in the local coastal communities. The presence of foreign whalers makes it possible to explain the emergence of local operations in Brazil, Chile and Peru, which successfully integrates technological, social and productive elements of the visiting groups with their own in a complex set of transformations and continuities, constituting “local whaling traditions”. Traditional Atlantic and Pacific whaling operations show a lot of technological similarities but some organizational differences, especially in terms of the relevance of private initiative and the role of the State. It has been proven that whaling operations are part of a global enterprise and will be essential to understand these links in the near future.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
20.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
52 weeks
期刊介绍: ESTUDIOS ATACAMEÑOS, Arqueología y Antropología Surandinas publica y difunde contribuciones originales e inéditas resultantes de investigaciones sobre temas de arqueología, antropología social, etnohistoria y bioantropología del centro-sur andino. Es una revista de circulación semestral, y el órgano oficial de difusión del Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo (IIAM), de la Universidad Católica del Norte. Fue creada el año 1973 por el padre Gustavo Le Paige s. j., manteniendo desde entonces una continuidad en su publicación.
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