{"title":"南美洲海岸的传统捕鲸活动。特征、转换和连续性","authors":"Daniel Quiroz","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0020","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Historians distinguish two major categories in commercial whaling, with a technological regime specific: traditional and modern whaling. The use of vessels, open boats, manual harpoons and spears defines traditional whaling, and modern whaling by the presence of whale catchers armed with an explosive harpoon gun mounted on its bow. In traditional whaling, two varieties, “Basque” and “Yankee”, which come in South America at different times, operates on pre-existing knowledge and practices in the local coastal communities. The presence of foreign whalers makes it possible to explain the emergence of local operations in Brazil, Chile and Peru, which successfully integrates technological, social and productive elements of the visiting groups with their own in a complex set of transformations and continuities, constituting “local whaling traditions”. Traditional Atlantic and Pacific whaling operations show a lot of technological similarities but some organizational differences, especially in terms of the relevance of private initiative and the role of the State. It has been proven that whaling operations are part of a global enterprise and will be essential to understand these links in the near future.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"3 4 1","pages":"47-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5000,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Operaciones balleneras tradicionales en las costas sudamericanas. Características, transformaciones y continuidades\",\"authors\":\"Daniel Quiroz\",\"doi\":\"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0020\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Historians distinguish two major categories in commercial whaling, with a technological regime specific: traditional and modern whaling. The use of vessels, open boats, manual harpoons and spears defines traditional whaling, and modern whaling by the presence of whale catchers armed with an explosive harpoon gun mounted on its bow. In traditional whaling, two varieties, “Basque” and “Yankee”, which come in South America at different times, operates on pre-existing knowledge and practices in the local coastal communities. The presence of foreign whalers makes it possible to explain the emergence of local operations in Brazil, Chile and Peru, which successfully integrates technological, social and productive elements of the visiting groups with their own in a complex set of transformations and continuities, constituting “local whaling traditions”. Traditional Atlantic and Pacific whaling operations show a lot of technological similarities but some organizational differences, especially in terms of the relevance of private initiative and the role of the State. It has been proven that whaling operations are part of a global enterprise and will be essential to understand these links in the near future.\",\"PeriodicalId\":45736,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Estudios Atacamenos\",\"volume\":\"3 4 1\",\"pages\":\"47-64\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-09-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Estudios Atacamenos\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"98\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0020\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"历史学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ANTHROPOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Estudios Atacamenos","FirstCategoryId":"98","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0020","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ANTHROPOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Operaciones balleneras tradicionales en las costas sudamericanas. Características, transformaciones y continuidades
Historians distinguish two major categories in commercial whaling, with a technological regime specific: traditional and modern whaling. The use of vessels, open boats, manual harpoons and spears defines traditional whaling, and modern whaling by the presence of whale catchers armed with an explosive harpoon gun mounted on its bow. In traditional whaling, two varieties, “Basque” and “Yankee”, which come in South America at different times, operates on pre-existing knowledge and practices in the local coastal communities. The presence of foreign whalers makes it possible to explain the emergence of local operations in Brazil, Chile and Peru, which successfully integrates technological, social and productive elements of the visiting groups with their own in a complex set of transformations and continuities, constituting “local whaling traditions”. Traditional Atlantic and Pacific whaling operations show a lot of technological similarities but some organizational differences, especially in terms of the relevance of private initiative and the role of the State. It has been proven that whaling operations are part of a global enterprise and will be essential to understand these links in the near future.
期刊介绍:
ESTUDIOS ATACAMEÑOS, Arqueología y Antropología Surandinas publica y difunde contribuciones originales e inéditas resultantes de investigaciones sobre temas de arqueología, antropología social, etnohistoria y bioantropología del centro-sur andino. Es una revista de circulación semestral, y el órgano oficial de difusión del Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo (IIAM), de la Universidad Católica del Norte. Fue creada el año 1973 por el padre Gustavo Le Paige s. j., manteniendo desde entonces una continuidad en su publicación.