An Aptamer-based Electrochemical-Sensing Implant for Continuous Therapeutic- Drug Monitoring in vivo

This work presents the first fully wireless implant system capable of continuous monitoring of therapeutic drugs in vivo. Electrochemical readout using square-wave voltammetry (SWV) is employed to measure the changes in the drug concentration using redox-labeled structure-switching aptamers. Ultrasound (US) powering and data transmission are employed in the implant for miniaturization, large tissue depth, and high available power. We demonstrate continuous and real-time detection in the human whole blood. Implemented in 65-nm CMOS, the entire implant system operates at 6.64 mW, and measures 140mm3 and 0.24g.