孕妇牙齿状况及改进治疗和预防措施的组织方法

T. Shishniashvili, Ana Zubadalashvili, T. Suladze, R. Kvanchakhadze
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摘要

由于口腔和整个身体的组织和器官状况不断发生变化,随着怀孕的开始,蛀牙和牙周病的严重程度有所上升。我们的研究目的是了解怀孕期间牙齿硬组织和牙周组织病理的患病率和严重程度,并找出如何更好地组织孕妇的治疗和预防措施。根据世界卫生组织的方法,对居住在第比利斯的170名18至40岁孕妇进行了全面的流行病学研究。结果显示,孕妇龋齿患病率高(从61%到98.8%),龋齿严重程度高(从2.55 1.03到14.31 5.44)。随着妊娠期的延长,龋病指标的强度增加,但在妊娠中期增加最多。结果表明,牙周病理(根据PMA指数)在孕妇中普遍存在,病理水平随着年龄和胎龄的增加而增加(从41.7%增加到78.8%)。在妊娠中期结束时,观察到牙周组织最显著的改善。口腔卫生在决定牙周病的存在和发病率方面起着重要作用。怀孕期间牙齿健康指标低和牙齿状况恶化表明,需要更全面地诊断主要牙齿疾病的所有风险因素,并根据全面牙科检查的结果,在怀孕期间实施所有阶段的治疗和预防干预措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DENTAL STATUS OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND WAYS TO IMPROVE THE ORGANIZATION OF THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES
As a result of the continuing changes in the condition of tissues and organs of the dental cavity and the body as a whole, there is a rise in the intensity of tooth decay and periodontal diseases with the onset of pregnancy. The aim of our research was to look into the prevalence and severity of pathology in the hard tissues of teeth and periodontal tissues during pregnancy, as well as to figure out how to better organize therapeutic and prophylactic steps for pregnant women. A comprehensive epidemiological study of 170 pregnant women aged 18 to 40 living in Tbilisi was carried out according to the WHO method. The findings show a high prevalence of dental cavity (from 61 percent to 98.8%) and a high severity of dental caries among pregnant women (from 2.55 1.03 to 14.31 5.44). The intensity of caries indicators increased as the gestational stage lengthened, but the greatest increase was observed in the second trimester of pregnancy. The results indicate a substantial prevalence of periodontal pathology (according to the PMA index) among pregnant women, with the level of pathology increasing with their age and gestational age (from 41.7 percent to 78.8 percent). By the end of the second trimester of pregnancy, the most noticeable improvements in periodontal tissues had been observed. Oral hygiene played a big role in determining the presence and incidence of periodontal disease. Low dental health indicators and worsening dental status during pregnancy point to the need for a more comprehensive diagnosis of all risk factors for major dental diseases, as well as the implementation of all stages of therapeutic and prophylactic interventions during pregnancy, based on the findings of a complete dental examination.
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