纳米CuO和ZnO对聚苯乙烯磺酸-共马来酸钠盐控制高压高压过滤效果的影响

Mukarram Beg, H. Kesarwani, Shivanjali Sharma
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引用次数: 12

摘要

水基泥浆(WBM)为不使用油基泥浆钻井提供了一种既环保又经济的方法。在钻井过程中遇到水敏感地层(如页岩)时,WBM可能会造成一些问题。泥浆中水的渗入会导致地层矿物溶解,从而可能导致地层受损。失液还会改变泥浆的流变性能,这是非常不希望看到的,因此失液应尽量减少。本研究旨在实验研究CuO和ZnO纳米颗粒在聚(4-苯乙烯磺酸-共马来酸)钠盐(PSSM)存在下作为高压-高温(HPHT)条件下WBM的失滤剂的效果。将含有羟乙基纤维素的基础泥浆与1.0 w/v%的PSSM和不同浓度的纳米颗粒(0.25、0.50、0.75和1.00 w/v%)混合。通过粘度计、滚筒烘箱高温老化池、API压滤机、HPHT压滤机和毛细管吸入计时器对所得钻井液配方进行了检验。采用粒径分析仪测定了含PSSM和不含PSSM的水中纳米粒子的Zeta电位。采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对原料药过滤试验形成的滤饼进行了分析。老化实验在230°F下进行16小时,HPHT过滤试验在300°F下进行。实验研究表明,加入CuO可使钻井液热轧前表观粘度、塑性粘度和屈服点等流变参数降低10% ~ 15%。热轧后含CuO泥浆的流变性能参数降低,但随着纳米颗粒浓度的增加,其流变性能得到改善。氧化铜纳米颗粒对流体损失的影响比氧化锌纳米颗粒更明显。在基础泥浆中加入1.0 w/v%的PSSM,可将LPLT失液降至~64%。仅添加1.0 w/v%的CuO,含PSSM泥浆的API失液量进一步降低了~12%。当ZnO浓度为1.0 w/v%时,原液的原料药滤液降低了约8%。在300°F条件下,1.0 w/v% PSSM泥浆在30分钟内的HPHT滤失量为14.6 mL。纳米颗粒的加入进一步降低了高温高压滤失15%至20%。过滤饼的FESEM图像表明,在过滤饼的孔隙中存在复杂的聚合物链结构,纳米颗粒团簇进一步阻断了网络,从而抑制了流体的通过。实验结果表明,纳米颗粒的加入,特别是氧化铜的加入,提高了聚合物降滤失剂的效率。CuO纳米颗粒与聚(4-苯乙烯磺酸-共马来酸)钠盐的新型组合可以进一步探索和设计,以开发一种有效的水基泥浆降滤失配方。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effect of CuO and ZnO Nanoparticles on Efficacy of Poly 4-Styrenesulfonic Acid-Co-Maleic Acid Sodium Salt for Controlling HPHT Filtration
Water based muds (WBM) provide an eco-friendly and cost effective way out for drilling a petroleum well without using oil based muds. WBM may cause some problems when a water sensitive formation (such as shale) is encountered during drilling. The infiltration of water from mud causes formation minerals to dissolve that may lead to formation damage. Fluid loss also alters the rheological properties of mud which is highly undesirable hence fluid loss should be minimum. Present study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles in presence of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSM) as a fluid loss control agent for WBM at high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) conditions. Base mud containing hydroxyethyl cellulose was mixed with 1.0 w/v% of PSSM and varying concentrations of either nanoparticle (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 w/v%). The resulting drilling fluid formulations were examined by using viscometer, high temperature ageing cell in roller oven, API filter press, HPHT filter press and capillary suction timer. Zeta potential of nanoparticles in water with and without PSSM was measured using particle size analyser. Filter cake formed by API filtration tests were analysed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Ageing experiments were also performed at 230°F for 16 hours and HPHT filtration tests were conducted at 300°F. Experimental studies have shown that the addition of CuO decreased the rheological parameters such as apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity and yield point by 10 to 15% before hot rolling of drilling fluid. After hot rolling, the rheological parameter for mud containing CuO were reduced, but as the concentration of nanoparticle increased, the rheological properties improved. Effect of CuO was more pronounced as compared to ZnO nanoparticles on fluid loss. The addition of 1.0 w/v% PSSM in base mud reduced LPLT fluid loss to ~64%. API fluid loss of PSSM containing mud was further reduced by ~12% on addition of only 1.0 w/v% of CuO. At 1.0 w/v% concentration of ZnO, API filtrate of base mud reduced by ~8%. HPHT filtrate loss for mud having 1.0 w/v% PSSM was 14.6 mL in 30 minutes at 300°F. Addition of nanoparticles further reduced HPHT filtration loss by 15 to 20%. FESEM images of filter cakes suggested that there were complex structures of polymer chains covering the pores of filter cake, and the network was further blocked by the nanoparticle clusters, therefore inhibiting the passage of fluid through it. The results obtained from this experimental work have shown that the efficiency of polymer as fluid loss reducer has improved due to the addition of nanoparticles, especially with CuO. The novel combination of CuO nanoparticles with poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt can further be explored and engineered to develop an efficient fluid loss reducing formulation for water based mud.
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