利用伴生层水和益生菌制取优质有机肥技术的改进

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
P. Pisarenko, M. Samoilik, A. Taranenko, Yu. Tsova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在目前的农业生产发展水平上,由于农用化学品的使用,存在着环境退化的事实。引进科学健全的农业生态技术,以环境和人类健康的生态安全体系为基础,可以预防可能产生的负面影响。为了确保现代农业生产的可持续发展和有限数量的化学品的使用,存在一个问题,即根据自我更新的自然过程,采用其他低成本措施来部分替代化学品。本研究的目的是确定利用伴生水(SPV)和益生菌制剂获得符合环境友好型资源节约型作物种植技术要求的优质有机肥的有效性。通过播种一定稀释度的土壤悬浮液,测定了土壤微生物的生态和营养类群。试验结果表明,施用150 l/t SPV和100 l/t益生菌3个月后,有机肥质量和植物检疫状况发生了积极变化。细菌学研究结果表明,添加10%的天然益生菌和10%的益生菌堆肥3个月后,病原菌水平下降了98-100%。沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌病原体尚未被发现。在1%和0.1%的益生菌溶液中,清洁效率较低。根据真菌学研究,真菌总数为206.9万个/g,比对照样品多27%。与对照相比,病原菌含量降低了88%。研究发现,SPV和益生菌的加入改变了粪便的化学成分。虽然SPV不含大量必需的矿质营养素,但SPV是一种宝贵的微量元素的天然来源,对作物的生长有积极的影响。特别是,肥料中的钾含量增加了20.8%,磷增加了41.8%,全氮增加了45.8%,有机质增加了10%。因此,SPV和益生菌的综合使用可以破坏农村植被,减少杂草种子的萌发,通过向粪便中添加微量元素来提高粪便质量,对粪便中的病原微生物和真菌进行消毒。所有这些优点使您有可能获得高质量的有机肥,使您能够优化土壤养分制度。研究结果表明,SPV和益生菌的使用有助于提高表层土壤的生物活性,这决定了土壤有机质转化的具体条件和农生病的生产力。SPV为1200 l/ha和益生菌为100 l/ha的微生物群落中微生物的比例为19.2±90万个(每克完全干燥土壤中细胞数),远高于对照(5.9±21万个)。使用1200升/公顷的SPV和100升/公顷的益生菌可以刺激微生物和纤维素破坏微生物的生长和发育,这些微生物参与了作物残留物的分解。完成有机残留物矿化的寡氮微生物数量增加。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING HIGH QUALITY OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS WITH THE USE OF ASSOCIATED LAYER WATER AND PROBIOTICS
At the current level of development of agricultural production there are facts of environmental degradation due to the use of agrochemicals. The introduction of scientifically sound ecological technology of agriculture, which is based on the system of ecological safety of the environment and human health, can prevent possible negative effects. To ensure the sustainable development of modern agricultural production and the use of chemicals in limited quantities, there is a problem of their partial replacement by alternative low-cost measures based on natural processes of self-renewal. The aim of our studies was to determinate the effectiveness of obtaining high-quality organic fertilizers using associated water (SPV) and probiotic preparations that accord the requirements of environmentally friendly resource-saving technologies for growing crops. Ecological and trophic groups of soil microorganisms were determined by seeding certain dilutions of soil suspensions. The results of experiments show positive changes in quality and phytosanitary state of organic manure during three months of combined use of SPV (150 l t) and probiotics (100 l/t). The results of bacteriological research show that the level of pathogenic microorganisms decreased by 98-100% after 3 months of composting with native and 10% probiotic solution. Salmonella and Escherichia coli pathogens have not been identified. The cleaning efficiency was lower at 1% and 0.1% probiotic solution. According to mycological research the total number of fungi was 206.9 thousand/g, by 27% more than the control sample. The content of pathogenic fungi decreased by 88% compared to control. It was found that SPV and probiotics changes the chemical composition of manure. Although SPV does not contain large amount of essential mineral nutrients, but SPV are a valuable natural source of microelements that have a positive effect on the crops growth. In particular, the content of potassium in manure increased by 20.8%, phosphorus - by 41.8%, total nitrogen - by 45.8%, organic matter - by 10%. Thus, the integrated use of SPV and probiotics can destroy ruderal vegetation, reduce the germination of weed seeds, improve the quality of manure by enriching it with microelements, disinfect manure from pathogenic microorganisms and fungi. All these advantages make it possible to obtain high-quality organic fertilizer that allows you to optimize the soil nutrient regime. Research results show that the use of SPV and probiotics contribute to increase biological activity in the top soil layer, which determines the specific conditions of transformation of organic matter and productivity of agrobiocenosis. The proportion of microorganisms in the microbial cenosis with SPV 1200 l/ha and probiotics 100 l/ha is 19.2 ± 0.90 million (number of cells in 1 gram of completely dry soil), which is much higher than control (5.9 ± 0.21 million). Using SPV 1200 l/ha and probiotics 100 l/ha stimulates the growth and development of microscopic fungi and cellulose-destroying microorganisms involved in the decomposition of crop residues. There is an increase in the number of oligonitrophilic microorganisms that complete the mineralization of organic residues.
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来源期刊
Agriculture and Forestry
Agriculture and Forestry Environmental Science-Nature and Landscape Conservation
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
58
审稿时长
15 weeks
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