High-Precision Three-Dimensional Printing in a Flexible, Low-Cost and Versatile Way: A Review

High-precision three-dimensional (3D) printing for fabricating the arbitrarily, complex 3D microstructures with a resolution of a few microns or below are attractive across a broad range of applications. Advances have been made in the field of highprecision 3D printing, however, there are still many challenges and drawbacks that need to be overcome in order to print high-precision and high-quality 3D microstructures in a relatively flexible, low-cost and versatile way. This review summarizes some promising high-precision 3D printing technologies, including direct ink writing (DIW), two-photon polymerization (TPP), and electrochemical fabrication (EFAB). Herein, we mainly focus on the materials used in high-precision 3D printing and their applications reported so far. At the same time, we also put forward a comprehensive view of their developments and challenges, which providing a benchmark for future research and development of high-precision 3D printing technologies.