Cochrane图书馆和常规长效β 2-受体激动剂在儿童哮喘中的安全性:综述

Christopher J. Cates, Elizabeth Stovold, Susan Wieland, Marta Oleszczuk, Denise Thomson, Lorne Becker
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引用次数: 1

摘要

背景:两项针对成人哮喘患者常规沙美特罗单药治疗的大型随机试验发现,沙美特罗与安慰剂或常规沙丁胺醇相比,哮喘相关死亡率风险增加。在儿童中没有类似的大型试验,沙美特罗或其他长效β 2激动剂单药治疗哮喘儿童的安全性尚不清楚。目前的指南建议,常规长效β -受体激动剂治疗应仅与常规吸入皮质类固醇联合使用。然而,联合治疗儿童哮喘的安全性也尚不清楚。目的:我们使用Cochrane系统评价的儿科试验结果来评估常规长效β -受体激动剂治疗的安全性,无论是单药治疗还是与吸入皮质类固醇联合治疗,都适用于哮喘儿童。方法:我们于2012年5月检索Cochrane系统评价数据库,检索与常规福莫特罗和沙美特罗安全性相关的Cochrane评价,并对每一篇Cochrane评价的试验进行更新检索。我们使用比值比(or)来总结从比较常规福莫特罗或常规沙美特罗作为单药治疗与安慰剂,然后与吸入皮质类固醇联合治疗与相同剂量吸入皮质类固醇联合治疗的试验中得出的直接随机安全性证据。我们通过测试单药治疗和联合治疗的累积or值之间的差异,间接比较了单药治疗和联合治疗的安全性。我们使用ORs来总结比较常规福莫特罗和常规沙美特罗的试验中关于安全性的直接随机证据。我们还通过计算福莫特罗和沙美特罗评估试验汇总结果的OR间接比较了常规福莫特罗和常规沙美特罗的安全性,然后通过计算这种比较的总OR将直接和间接证据结合起来。结果:我们确定了四篇Cochrane综述,检查了常规福莫特罗或沙美特罗作为单药或联合治疗的安全性。综述包括19项儿童试验,我们发现另外两项关于沙美特罗联合治疗的研究,共计21项试验,涉及7318名儿童。我们确定了两篇Cochrane综述,比较了福莫特罗和沙美特罗的安全性,其中包括156名儿童的单一试验。我们发现,接受福莫特罗单药治疗的儿童发生非致命性严重不良事件的几率在统计学上显著增加[OR = 2.48;95%可信区间(CI) = 1.27-4.83, I2 = 0%, 5项试验,N = 1335),沙美特罗单药治疗的风险增加较小(OR = 1.30;95% CI = 0.82-2.05, I2 = 17%, 5项试验,N = 1333),福莫特罗联合治疗(OR = 1.60;95% CI = 0.80-3.28, I2 = 32%, 7项试验,N = 2788)和沙美特罗联合治疗(OR = 1.20;95% CI = 0.37-2.91, I2 = 0%, 5项试验,N = 1862)。单药治疗严重不良事件的总OR值(OR = 1.60;95% CI = 1.10-2.33, 10项试验,N = 2668)和联合治疗(OR = 1.50;95% CI = 0.82-2.75, 12项试验,N = 4650)。然而,在6个月的单药治疗中,每1000名儿童中发生任何原因的严重不良事件的儿童绝对增加了21名(95% CI = 4-45),而在3个月的联合治疗中,每1000名儿童中发生严重不良事件的儿童绝对增加了3名(95% CI = 1少12多)。比较常规沙美特罗与常规福美特罗安全性的证据有限,即使将直接和间接证据结合起来,围绕严重不良事件影响的CI也太宽,无法判断福美特罗与沙美特罗的相对安全性是否存在差异(OR = 1.26;95% ci = 0.37-4.32)。在所有试验中只有一名儿童死亡,因此无法评估对死亡率的影响。作者的结论:虽然常规联合治疗可能比单一治疗对哮喘儿童更安全,但常规联合治疗福莫特罗或沙美特罗对儿童的安全性仍不确定,特别是在死亡率方面。福莫特罗和沙美特罗的相对安全性也不清楚。目前正在进行的大型监测研究可能会阐明儿童和青少年哮喘联合治疗的风险。版权所有©2012科克伦协作网。John Wiley &出版;儿子,有限公司科克伦协作组
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Cochrane Library and safety of regular long-acting beta2- agonists in children with asthma: an overview of reviews

Background: Two large randomized trials of regular salmeterol monotherapy in adults with asthma found an increased risk of asthma-related mortality for salmeterol versus placebo or regular salbutamol. There are no similar large trials in children, and the safety of monotherapy with salmeterol or other long-acting beta2-agonists in children with asthma is unclear. Current guidelines recommend that regular long-acting beta2-agonist therapy should be given only in combination with regular inhaled corticosteroids. However, the safety of combination therapy in children with asthma is also unclear.

Objectives: We used the paediatric trial results from Cochrane systematic reviews to assess the safety of regular long-acting beta2-agonist therapy, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids, in children with asthma.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in May 2012 for Cochrane reviews relating to the safety of regular formoterol and salmeterol, and ran updated searches for trials for each of the Cochrane reviews. We used odds ratios (ORs) to summarize the direct randomized evidence on safety from trials comparing regular formoterol or regular salmeterol as monotherapy versus placebo and then as combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids versus the same dose of inhaled corticosteroids. We indirectly compared the safety of monotherapy and combination therapy by testing for differences between the pooled ORs for monotherapy and for combination therapy. We used ORs to summarize the direct randomized evidence on safety from trials comparing regular formoterol with regular salmeterol. We also compared the safety of regular formoterol and regular salmeterol indirectly by calculating an OR for the pooled results of trials assessing formoterol and the pooled results of trials assessing salmeterol, and then combined the direct and indirect evidence by calculating an overall OR for this comparison.

Results: We identified four Cochrane reviews examining the safety of regular formoterol or salmeterol as either monotherapy or combination therapy. The reviews included 19 trials in children and we found two additional studies on salmeterol combination therapy, for a total of 21 trials in 7318 children. We identified two Cochrane reviews comparing the safety of formoterol with salmeterol, which included a single trial in 156 children. We found a statistically significant increase in the odds of suffering a nonfatal serious adverse event in children on formoterol monotherapy [OR = 2.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27–4.83, I2 = 0%, five trials, N = 1335] and smaller nonsignificant increases in odds for salmeterol monotherapy (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 0.82–2.05, I2 = 17%, five trials, N = 1333), formoterol combination therapy (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 0.80–3.28, I2 = 32%, seven trials, N = 2788) and salmeterol combination therapy (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.37–2.91, I2 = 0%, five trials, N = 1862). There was no significant difference between the pooled ORs of a serious adverse event on monotherapy (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.10–2.33, 10 trials, N = 2668) and combination therapy (OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 0.82–2.75, 12 trials, N = 4650). However, there was an absolute increase of 21 children (95% CI = 4–45) suffering a severe adverse event of any cause for every thousand children treated over six months on monotherapy, compared with an absolute increase of three (95% CI = 1 fewer to 12 more) per 1000 children over three months on combination therapy. The evidence comparing the safety of regular salmeterol to regular formoterol was limited, and even when direct and indirect evidence were combined, the CI around the effect on serious adverse events was too wide to tell whether there was a difference in the comparative safety of formoterol and salmeterol (OR = 1.26; 95% CI = 0.37–4.32). Only one child died across all the trials, so the impact on mortality could not be assessed.

Authors' conclusions: Although regular combination therapy is likely to be safer than monotherapy in children with asthma, the safety of regular combination therapy with formoterol or salmeterol in children remains uncertain, particularly in terms of mortality. The relative safety of formoterol and salmeterol is also unclear. There are currently large ongoing surveillance studies that may clarify the risks of combination therapy in children and adolescents with asthma. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration

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