用双试件试验系统实现复杂热-机械疲劳

L. Angarita, G. Pitz, K. Lang, D. Löhe
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引用次数: 3

摘要

许多部件暴露在高热和机械负荷下。例如,燃气轮机的叶片在不同的温度下受到热和机械引起的应变和应力。前者是由于启停循环引起的温度场不均匀,导致热疲劳。后者是由涡轮机旋转产生的离心力引起的,在使用过程中导致机械低周疲劳和蠕变。传统的(应变控制的)热机械疲劳(TMF)试验和传统的(应力控制的)蠕变试验都不能研究热诱导加载和机械诱导加载的组合。此外,在一个部件内不同体积元之间的相互作用也不能在单个试样实验中进行研究。为了模拟这种“复杂”的热-机械疲劳载荷,建立了一个双试件试验系统。在该测试系统中,仅通过改变两个试件的温度-时间历史和它们之间的耦合条件就可以产生试件的热-机械载荷,每个试件代表一个部件的不同体积单元。此外,还可以叠加一个外力,例如表示离心力。这种力在两个试件上的分布和由此产生的变形行为是两个试件相互作用的结果。介绍了12%铬钢和316型不锈钢的测试和解释方法以及首次试验结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Realization of complex thermal-mechanical fatigue by a two-specimen testing system
Many components are exposed to high thermal and mechanical loadings. For example, the blades of gas turbines are subjected to thermally and mechanically induced strains and stresses at varying temperatures. The former arise from inhomogeneous temperature fields, which are due to start-stop cycles, resulting in thermal fatigue. The latter arise from centrifugal forces, which arise from the rotation of the turbine, resulting in mechanical low cycle fatigue and creep during service. The combination of thermally induced loading and mechanically induced loading can neither be investigated in a conventional (strain controlled) thermal-mechanical fatigue (TMF) test nor in a conventional (stress controlled) creep test. Also the interaction between different volume elements within a component can not be investigated in a single specimen experiment. To simulate such "complex" thermal-mechanical fatigue loading, a two-specimen testing system was build up. At this testing system the thermal-mechanical loading of the specimens, each of them representing a distinct volume element of a component, is generated just by varying the temperature-time history of the two specimens and the coupling conditions between them. Furthermore, it is possible to superimpose an external force, e.g. representing the centrifugal force. The distribution of this force on the two specimens and the resulting deformation behaviour are the result of the interaction of the two specimens. The testing and interpretation methods as well as the results of first experiments with a 12% chromium steel and a 316 type stainless steel are presented.
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