沿路植被生态学和地植物学研究的先进方法

I. Stepanovich, Y. S. Shavalda
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引用次数: 0

摘要

探讨了生态-植物剖面法在路边植被研究中的可行性。其优点是:增加了地学相关数据的代表性,可以对植物群落及其组成、生态环境的时空关系进行客观的比较分析。在公路和铁路沿线进行的生态学和植物学研究表明,首先,植物区系的区域特征;其次,物种和植物群落的生态系统归属的特殊性。在所有暴露(“缺口”、“零标记”和“丘”)中,植被的同化程度自然从道路附近的极高降低到距离道路50米或更远的最低。与此同时,在封闭洪泛平原和沼泽生态系统中的“丘”暴露以及森林生态系统中的“缺口”暴露中,共化率最高,下降幅度最大。森林生态系统的这些变化在博览会的“丘”和“零标记”中略低。森林起到了屏障的作用。在开阔草甸和农业生态系统中,人栖植物沿剖面的分布幅度一般较小。研究发现,土丘坡度、公路和铁路的方向对植被的同化强度,包括入侵物种的渗透都有影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Advanced methodology of ecological and geobotanical research of roadside vegetation
The possibilities of the method of ecological-phytocenotic profiles in the study of roadside vegetation are tracked. Its advantages are noted: it increases the representativeness of geobotanical relevés, allows to make an objective comparative analysis of the state of phytocenoses, their components, ecotopes in spatiotemporal relationship.Ecological and phytocenological studies carried out along roads and railways show, firstly, the regional features of flora, and secondly, the specifics of the ecosystem belonging of species and phytocenoses. The degree of synanthropization of vegetation in all exposures (“notch”, “zero mark” and “mound”) naturally decreases from extremely high near the road to the minimum at a distance of 50 m or more from the road path. At the same time the highest rates and the sharpest decrease in synanthropization are observed in the “mound” exposition in closed floodplain and swampy ecosystems, as well as in the “notch” exposition in the forest ecosystem. These changes in the forest ecosystem are somewhat lower in the expositions “mound” and “zero mark”. Forest acts as a barrier. The amplitude of the distribution of anthropophytes along the profile is generally small in open meadows and in agroecosystems. The impact of mound slopes, the direction of roads and railways on the intensity of synanthropization of vegetation, including the penetration of invasive species, was found.
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